Strategic Market Planning for Social Media Platforms

Over the past several years, complaisant media selling has been an addition to an increasing event of companies integrated grocerying plans. Firms of all sizes argon employing various platforms of this market tactic. At the most basic level, genial media marketing en capable-bodieds conversations between firms and their customers, as opposed to conventional marketing methods where the firm directs the heart and soul. Businesses argon beginning to realize that they can non control these ongoing conversations, but rather, influence them. This style has resulted in the growth of SocialCorps, companies that argon learning to homecoming advantage of the strength of hearty media to reshape their relationships with customers and other important audiences.1 Popular favorable media billets visited by Internet habitrs include Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, MySpace, Wikipedia, Flickr, and Digg (Exhibit 1). Of those, the top four hearty sites apply by marketers, in instal of be st-selling(predicate)ity, ar Twitter, Blogs, LinkedIn, and Facebook.Becoming a SocialCorp allows a comp whatsoever to gain benefits that be otherwise special(a) with traditional forms of marketing. a lot(prenominal) advantages include unparalleled annoy to market research, enhanced fault sense and perception, better go afterment with all stakeholders, emergence control all everyplace the comp nigh(prenominal)s mart message, and a richer user cook word. This paper lead explain how various companies sop up used kindly media marketing differently to achieve these advantages.Social neting websites argon visited by three-quarters of all Internet users2. With the growing popularity of accessible media usage, some an(prenominal) companies see Web 2.0 marketing is the future3. As kind media marketing gains headlines in companies strategical agendas, astonishing statistics are revealed ab off the use of this marketing tactic* dell estimates that through its various conversation channel, the follow has two billion conversations with customers every year.4* 88% of marketers are employ sociable media marketing for their business. Of these, 72% describe that they had been apply accessible media marketing for a few months or less.5* 79% of the Fortune 100 companies are present and listening, victimization at least(prenominal) of one of the main social platforms to communicate with their customers.6* By 2011, online social media de none in the U.S. will be approximately $2.5 billion.7From these statistics, it is evident that companies of all sizes are actively using different social platforms to r separately their designate segments. However, a shift of focus to social media marketing will conduct hard transformation to a companys strategic planning process. As such(prenominal), this paper will answer a question that companies should ask when engaging in social media marketing will it be to a great extent beneficial to leverage usually functional social media platforms or to descriptor a platform in-house? leave the choice differ between companies, and what are the benefits and lay on the lines of all solution?Benefits of leverage Established Social Media PlatformsThe advantages of using an established social media channel everyplace one lay d letd in-house are lower overlapion and maintenance costs, vigorous gate behavior to a large established user constitute, ease of use for the consumer and increased instruction credibility. Businesses create company-specific marketing extends on established social media channels to leverage these benefits in order to engage consumers, increase brand and product/service knowingness, reduce customer support costs, and drive revenues.The crossing banquet nominal head CampaignA sure-fire social media marketing commove which demonstrated the benefits of using established social media channels was the Fiesta Movement Campaign by crossway. ford gave 100 participa nts Ford Fiestas for six months and asked them to despatch a different mission every month. These agents delivered dinners from Meals on Wheels, eloped with the help of the Fiesta, and wrestled alligators8 among numerous other occasions. Agents were pick upd to document their adventures on Youtube, Flickr, Facebook, and Twitter pages which Ford had created.The Ford Fiesta Movement was considered an extremely made social media cause. Agents produced 700 icons which generated 6.5 one thousand thousand pick ups. Photos taken by the agents construct accumulated more than 670,000 views. The campaign prompted over 50,000 U.S. consumers to demand more info about the car, 97% of which did non already protest a Ford vehicle. In the first six days of sales, Ford sold 10,000 units. 9First, using established social media channels allowed Ford to gain quick access to a large established user- idea. Fords conduct market for its small European cars is Millennials, those born between 1979 and 1996. It is estimated that 75% of Millennials use social media sites and one in v shed uploaded a ikon of themselves online.10 Ford therefore focused their efforts on the established social media sites, as a large majority of their target market is already using these sites. It was easier for Ford to leverage alive websites instead of working to direct consumers using an in-house social network.Second, Ford was able to benefit from consumers who were already familiar with popular social media websites to build awareness. Ford hand-picked agents in their 20s who had already successfully strengthened an online fan conjunction of their own and who were able to craft a narrative.11 preferably of pitching the idea to agents as the means to a free car, agents were incented to create core for their own benefit to feed their current networks and build their own profiles. In the process, the agents contributed to building Fiestas brand by helping develop an ambit of glamou r, laughableness and excitement around the car.Third, Ford created a sense of credibility by using external social media channels on which the national would be harder to control or modify. Ford took a huge risk by taking a hands off progression, telling agents to be completely truthful and agreeing not to trim back or censor any information that was slured. This showed consumers that Ford cared about what they had to say which was particularly important at a time when consumers were not happy to be bailing out Amercian automotive companies.12 Allowing agents to freely express their opinions about the car also helped Ford to messiness any reported problems or im analyse functionality based on the agents suggestions. key out TakeawaysFord used established social media channels to engage consumers and build brand awareness. Using Facebook, Flickr, Twitter and YouTube, Ford was able to gain quick access to its target market with consumers who were already users of these channels . Ford was also able to use specific consumers who were experts with these established channels to attract more viewers as well as raise awareness among the experts large base of followers. Finally, Ford established its credibility by allowing agents to pack whatever they wanted. plot Ford took a huge risk by agreeing not to edit the agents content, it ultimately worked in their favour.Risks of Leveraging Established Social Media PlatformsA hanker with the more strengths of social marketing, there are also galore(postnominal) risks that are associated with relying on third party platforms. For one, companies that engage in this medium often experience lack of content control. Second, information gets spread too quickly referable to the large user bases of established social media websites. Third, the long suit of conventional social media marketing is limited, due to the sheer brashness of companies already utilizing this mechanism.Molson Coors Dorm means CampaignMolson Coor s Brewing Company (Molson) is a classic example of how a company underestimated the minus consequences that are associated with traditional social media marketing mediums. Molson is Canadas oldest brewery and the worlds 5th largest brewing company. Therefore, it is well- accept within Canada and has a significant market deal in the beer industry. In the past, Molson has experimented with blogs13 and a static somatic website, but has had very petty(a) social media presence overall. Recognizing that a large portion of their current target audience utilizes these mediums and wanting to catch up to its competitors, Molson initiated an online media campaign.On October 18th 2007, Molson formally launched its Dorm Room project on the fastest growing social networking site Facebook. The campaign encouraged Canadian university and college students from ages 19 to 24 to post pictures of themselves partying on campus. The check with the most pictures uploaded would win a trip for five t o spend spring break in Cancun, Mexico. An advertisement for this campaign read, Be the 1 party school in Canada show everyone how you and your crew get the party started.14 According to Molson, the intention of the campaign was to show school spirit and sociability however, these goals were not r to each oneed and the campaign placed Molson under public scrutiny.The nature of the campaign was highly criticized by universities, parents and students because they blamed the company for support binge drinking. Even the front-runner of the battle, Memorial University in St. Johns, stated that the contest made them look bad. Within days, the company received numerous complaints. some(prenominal) universities including Queens, McMaster and St. Francis Xavier condemned the contest in the Globe and Mail as glorifying excessive drinking.15 As a result of the public backlash, the contest was shut flock a week prior to the November 29th deadline. While there are advantages for Molson to engage their customers via social marketing, the message of the Dorm Room campaign was controversial. As a result, this exemplifies how marketing using established social networking mediums can bring significant risks to the brand.First, on Facebook and other traditional social media websites, companies cannot control how much liberty they give to their audience. Users start out the freedom to post pictures, messages and videos. However, on in-house websites, companies have the ability to adjust the amount of power they give to the end consumer. Molson did not have the ability to control how much freedom they gave to consumers, allowing consumers to post whatever they wanted and because, violating the privacy rights of many individuals. Once a picture was posted, hardly Molson could remove the picture. Molson was unaware of certain individuals resistance to having their pictures posted on the site and the campaign generated negative backlash. Even as Molson shut down the contest , they could not ensure that they erased all traces of the pictures posted on the Internet.Second, by using traditional social media websites, the established user base compounds the speed at which information is spread. In Molsons case, pictures spread quickly across Facebook, much to the dismay of many students featured in the photographs. Facebook has over 500 million users who all had access to Molsons pictures. Further, the pictures could be immediately viewed by the members of ones network with the tagging and news feed features.Finally, the effectiveness of conventional social media marketing is limited due to the sheer volume of companies who are already marketing to consumers on these websites. In 2006, U.S. companies spent $920 million on advertising on social media websites. Despite high spending, barely 12% of Facebook users have added a brand to their page, and over 75% of Facebook users express they would not purchase a product or service from a brand via their profi le page.16 Therefore, social media marketing should not be viewed as an infallible way for companies to promote. The Molson campaign was one of the many campaigns on Facebook and was popularized by the outcry of the public, rather than direct support from its target market. In total, just 200 pictures were uploaded onto Facebook and large universities such as the University of Toronto and Guelph University only submitted 15 photos each (Exhibit 3).17Key TakeawaysBy using traditional social media channels, managers might be forced to give up control over the contents to the websites and to their users. In Molsons case, it passed the power to individuals who posted images onto Molsons Facebook campaign page. The company should be wary of the freedom which the users can have when it reengages itself in conventional social media marketing. Also, social media websites have large user bases this implies that the information found within these sites can croak at an extreme speed. Photos posted on Molsons page were not limited to just Molsons examination but they were available for the entire network.Finally, even though social media websites have gained tremendous popularity and enormous adoption rates, every campaign should be redesigned for each medium in order to stand out from the competitors. Molson failed to capture a large audience with its campaign because Facebook is already complete(a) with many advertisers. Therefore, Molson needs to establish a creative method to market its campaign when it reengages in using conventional social media websites. In general, social media advertisement can be a phenomenal way to increase brand awareness when it becomes a companys integrated marketing campaign, as long as the associated risks are acknowledged and accounted for.Benefits of Developing In-House Social Media PlatformsThere are many benefits associated with creating and managing an internal social community. First, a company has the flexibility to expose infor mation in the way they intended. Second, keeping a social network in-house also helps bring legitimacy and credibility to the information available on the platform. Finally, creating a separate social media platform allows users to have access to a closed network.Pampers village CampaignPampers slogan, every step of the way18 embodies their overall strategy. Pampers strives both to provide a high-quality product and a come out a service for women throughout their pregnancy and early infant raising years. The company has created and continues to host an online social community, Pampers village, to facilitate an open network of communication between itself and its customers (Exhibit 4).On the website, parents have access to a breadth of information about the pregnancy process. They also have access to parenting tips and advice as their child ages. Parents have the ability to communicate with both other parents and also with Pampers embellish of baby experts.19 Pampers resolution exemplifies many of the benefits associated with hosting an internal social community, as opposed to promoting their brand via established social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.First, Pampers Village ensures that Pampers has enormous flexibility in the way data is displayed and how communication is encouraged. On Twitter, or example, messages are limited to 140 characters. Although websites such as Facebook allows more flexibility than Twitter, the pages companies can create so far have preset layouts and formats. Pampers Village is divided into five sections depicting a stage in a childs life. Each section is further divided into categories which discuss various issues a mother may face at that stage. Existing social media websites would not have been the appropriate medium to host Pampers Village on as the display and organization of data would be restricted by the constituent(a) limitations of the existing platform.Second, developing their own social network bring s legitimacy to their message. On traditional social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube, anyone can share their thoughts and claim to be an expert. However, on Pampers Village, there are a variety show of experts from the Pampers Parenting Network (PPN) moderating passwords and providing pregnancy and parenting advice. PPN members participate in Q&As, write blogs and articles and post video demonstrations. PPN experts include Laura Jana, M.D., a widely recognized parenting expert Lisa Druxman, burst and CEO of Stroller Strides and Julian Claus-Ehlers, executive chef and expert in whole eating habits for the family.20 Mothers visiting Pampers Village recognize that they have access to high-quality and credible advice from parenting experts and thus continue to return to the website.Finally, creating a social media platform separates the audience from their traditional network. Mothers have to demo to use Pampers Village however, they can register under whichever nam e they choose, bringing anonymity to the platform. If Pampers Village was hosted solely on Facebook, the forums presumable would not be as active. Forum conversations include, Actively try to start a family, LGBT Parenting21 and Baby Basics.Mothers would be less likely to be open and honest on these forums if their posts were in full view of their entire social network, as it would be difficult to ensure confidentiality of these discussion posts on traditional social media websites such as Facebook. Pampers Village provides mothers the probability to network with other mothers in a closed network. Jodi Allen, North American vice president and general manager for Pampers echoes this sentiment, All moms share a common goal to raise a healthy, happy child. And the great thing about Pampers.com is that moms can connect, bond and chat with other moms all over the globe in real time and share in each others experiences.22Key TakeawaysA strong online presence is critical to Pampers suc cess. We leverage Pampers Village to maintain a constant conversation and relationship, says Zeeshan Shams, category brand manager, baby and toddler care, Procter and Gamble, Canada. Our online properties help to keep our brand top of mind.23 Despite massive competition in the online parenting field, Pampers Village has been largely successful in accessing new mothers. In 2009, Pampers Village generated 20,000 unique visitors per month in Canada.24It is likely that the Pampers Village concept would not have been as successful if it had been hosted on a traditional social network. The creators of Pampers Village correctly recognized that in order to gain an audience in the online parenting field and consequently learn more about their customers they needed to create their own social community. The development of a brand new network allowed the company to spread a wide variety of content in their own format, brought legitimacy to the platform and created a new community where mothers could connect anonymously. The success of Pampers Village illustrates the benefits of taking a risk and developing a new social network.Risks of Developing In-House Social Media PlatformsDespite the many benefits that can be gained by developing a unique in-house social media platform or campaign, this approach presents a number of risks and challenges. First, it can sometimes be difficult to engage consumers and draw them to newly created social media websites. Second, in-house social media efforts are likely to take in greater maintenance and monitoring. Third, in-house developments demand a greater degree of corporate responsibility than is needed when using publicly available social media platforms.GM Chevy Tahoe Apprentice CampaignIn the spring of 2006, universal Motors teamed up with Donald Trumps The Apprentice franchise to create a website that allowed contestants to develop their own technical to promote the new Chevy Tahoe SUV. Their website, ChevyApprentice.com, encou raged participants to design a 30 second digital advertisement by selecting from a variety of pre-set backgrounds, video clips, and theme music that GM had constructed. These user-generated commercials could also include floating textual matter over the images of the creators choosing.25 In addition to having their ad hominem commercial aired on television, the winner and other top contenders had the chance to win a number of big-ticket items, such as a trip to the Major league Baseball All-Star Game.26Over the course of the contest, thousands of users took the opportunity to share their personal thoughts on the Tahoe. Not surprisingly, the ability to share ones thoughts freely created the perfect opportunity for the anti-SUV concourse to voice their discontent for GMs newest vehicle. Of the 22,000 commercials that were submitted, approximately 4,000 took a negative noise.27 The majority of these submissions were either anti-SUV, promoted a specific cause, defamed a particular group or outright attacked the product (Exhibit 5).For example, some critics pointed fingers at GM for contributing to global warming, as witnessed in an ad that featured shots of the Tahoe zooming through snow, mountains, and desert. Over these clips appeared the phrase world-wide warming isnt a pretty SUV ad. Its a frightening reality. In another(prenominal) clip, the words Yesterdays technology today appeared over a clip of pumping locomotive engine pistons.28 Many of these negative commercials went viral, and could be found everywhere from YouTube to Flickr to specific message boards, such as DemocraticUnderground.org. The Chevy Apprentice campaign highlights many of the risks associated with creating a social media website in-house.First, the biggest risk that companies face in attempting to create their own social media website is attracting traffic to their newly created websites. GM mitigated this risk successfully by launching their campaign on the popular television sho w, The Apprentice, and leveraged other forms of marketing to generate awareness of their social media website. Ultimately, over 22,000 people were enticed to participate in the campaign. ChevyApprentice.com generated 2.4 million page views, with the average visit lasting more than golf-club minutes.29 A truly unique platform has the potential to draw consumers if it is able to create a novel social media experience.Second, developing a unique social media website is a large investment, as the company is building a new infrastructure for social interaction from scratch. The company must employ significant resources to maintain the website, as they are solely responsible for managing and storing data, enable security mechanisms, user identity management, and continual upgrades. A flaw in managing any of these aspects has the potential to hamper the overall success of a social media effort.Third, companies are directly accountable for what happens as a result of their personal social media efforts, as they have the ability to directly control content and how the public can view it. On publicly available platforms such as Facebook, companies can blame negative content posted by consumers on the open-ended nature of these platforms and the lack of control the company has over sink ining content. GM did not explicitly state rules for contestants designing an advertisement, which gave consumers the impression that GM was not taking responsibility for the content that is being generated.Further, they did not penetrate any of the submissions before it became viewable by the general public. After negative submissions surfaced on the website (Exhibit 5), GM did not remove these commercials, specifically stating that they would begin natural covering ads for offensive and inflammatory content but would not remove any material based solely on a negative tone toward the company.30 Although GM was attempting to maintain their customers freedom of speech, they did not a ccount for differences in opinions when deciding what was offensive, and were criticized for not monitoring controversial topics in their campaign.Key TakeawaysGeneral Motors Chevy Tahoe Apprentice Campaign provides an excellent example as to how using in-house social media can backfire and lead to negative consumer reactions towards the brand. The debate noneffervescent continues as to whether or not the GM campaign should be deemed a marketing failure or success. The majority of reviewers have labelled it a social media disaster, based on the negative feedback generated. In contrast, GM and a select handful of reviewers believed that this campaign was a marketing success. GM was blissful that the website was highly trafficked and that over eighty percent of commercials depicted the Tahoe in a favourable light. Overall, the campaign generated significant buzz, which was precisely what GM hoped to achieve.31Despite these probable successes, there are certainly efforts GM could ha ve undertaken to avoid some of the negative reactions. The company could have taken a more proactive approach to prevent negative backlashes by screening ads more conservatively before they could be viewed by the general public. Perhaps a campaign intended to engage participants to create videos about how much they love the Tahoe would have been a better approach.32 Although this may not have generated as many entries, it would eliminate the participants ability to demote the brand and introduce controversial topics. A handful of authentic, homemade video submissions would have been a better way to promote the vehicle and generate word of mouth buzz in a positive manner.ConclusionThe paper examined campaigns that were successful and unsuccessful in utilizing both established social media platforms or developing platforms in-house. Ultimately, a consensus was not reached regarding which strategy is most effective, as there are numerous considerations to take into account given the c ontext of a companys current position.In order to leverage existing social media platforms, the companys target segment should already be current users of these channels so that quick access to these consumers is gained. Additionally, these consumers must be active users of these platforms so that the company can leverage these users to raise awareness about a specific product or brand. However, managers today should nonetheless recognize that social network marketing is still a novelty.Thus, many companies hoping to hop on the social media bandwagon may opt for using existing platforms as these platforms are inexpensive and familiar to their existing customer base. As the number of companies using existing platforms grows, it becomes increasingly difficult to differentiate a product and brand on these platforms. Lastly, opting for this marketing tactic ultimately forces the company to give up control regarding the content that is being posted on these third party websites.On the ot her hand, creating and managing an internal social community allows a company to gain both flexibility with the way in which they choose to display information and bring credibility to those information that is being passed onto the consumers. However, if a company chooses to develop an in-house social media platform, attracting consumers towards this platform may prove more difficult since the in-house platform will not be as well-known as traditional social media sites. In-house social media efforts also require greater maintenance and monitoring and the company creating the site holds a greater responsibility for the content posted since they have the ability to control and filter content.For many companies, social media marketing should be used as an underlying part of the companys strategic marketing plan. However, with so many strategic options available regarding social media, it is essential for the company to acknowledge that different social media evasive action are suit able for different companies, products, and target customers. The most successful social media marketing campaign requires a thorough understanding of the companys customer base and online habits.

To Kill a Mockingbird Review

Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird is regarded as unmatchable of the great pieces of literature of its time. It is universally discovered because the author uses the parking lot experience of emergence up, through the eyes of his narrator Scout, to speak close to intense topics such as racism, injustice, and prejudice in the Southern unify States in the 1930s. Atticus Finch states during the story, you never really understand a somebody until you consider involvements from his point of thinking until you climb into his skin and walk or so in it. Harper Lee helps us understand the issues that matter to him in To Kill a Mockingbird using the universal experience of growing up through the eyes and skin of a child, the main caseful and narrator, Scout Finch. In the beginning, Scout has a great deal of respect for her get down, Atticus. Although, she has a trem shoemakers lastous amount of respect for him, her attitude toward him is self-c submited and childlike. She feels that he is an old man and cant do genuinely much. after(prenominal) the trial of Tom Robinson however, Scout sees her father put himself in a very dangerous position, risking his life to fight for what he believes is right by defending an innocent black man in the racist south. Her father teaches her, In our courts, when its a white mans name against a black man, the white man always wins. Theyre ugly, and those are the facts of life. Through this experience, Scout gains more respect for her father and realizes the sometimes harsh realities of the world she is living in, that life isnt all childish games.She sees that her father is a hardworking man with good morals, who does the right thing even if its hard and dangerous. In this way, we witness her point of view growing up. It is obvious in the first couple of chapters that Scout has very little patience for everyone and can lose her temper in an instant. For this reason, when community (mainly children) make her mad even just a little, that she gets in potty of fights with them and ends up getting in trouble.However, during an afternoon at her house with aunty Alexandra and her missionary circle, Scout decides that she needs to learn to become a woman. The ladies wore powderize and rose, smelled good, and gossiped over coffee cups and refreshments. Scout admits, I wondered at the world of women thither was no doubt about it, I must soon enter this world, where on its surface fragrant ladies rocked slowly, fanned gently, and drank cool water. During this luncheon, its one of the first times in the story you see Scout hear to choose her words more carefully and care what others were thinking of her. In this way, you see Scout attempting to have a more grown up manner of acting. Scouts ability to see the world through other concourses eyes changes throughout the course of the story, but lastly at the end when she meets Boo Radley. At first, Scout and her brother Jem were very suspicious along with being scared of Boo Radley.They wanted to see who he was so badly that they tried peeking into the Radley house but were unsuccessful. However, at the end when Boo saves Jem and Scout from being killed by Bob Ewell and Scout finally meets Boo, she realizes that he really isnt a very bad or scary man after all. She walked Boo home and stood on the Radley introductory porch and saw the world from Boos point of view. A reference came from Atticus when Scout told him he was real nice, and Atticus replied nigh people are Scout, when you finally see them.

Philippines Literature Essay

The diversity and malodorousness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the countrys muniment. Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set basis on Philippine shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our race. Our ancient literature shows our customs and traditions in everyday life as traced in our folk stories, old plays and short stories. Our ancestors also had their own first rudiment which was several(predicate) from that brought by the Spaniards. LITERATURE the body of oral and written works, text, books, poetry, and so forth these are the several things that concern this domain. we have been exposed to literature ever since we were young. reading, writing, thats what we do. but is this really the essence of literature?the time i realized that i was going to take up Philippine publications this semester, i was rather a bit curios about what would be in store for me, for the consentaneous class.our Li terature instructor Ms. Dinah Laguna-Mission is very enthusiastic in teaching us. never came a time that i felt sleepy or bored during our lit. subject. she has a lively voice and pronunciation, lively gestures and the humourous use of words were the things i looked forward to every time she came.at first, i expect that the subject content and the teaching method was honest a repetition of what has been taught to us during high school. but i was wrong, the different genre of literature, different devices and ever famous figures of speech were the ones being taught to us.after all the experiences and new knowledge imparted to me, i realized that Literature is non only about just reading the stories, poems, riddles, etc. but every its understanding them deeply. i thank Ms. Mission for imparting this knowledge imparted to me and the whole class for making this journey bearable and truly enjoyable one. it was beyond doubt an accomplishment for us and so, even if i finish the subject Philippines Literature, the things ilearned, the memories and experience will truly mo no proposition what. _

Outline the Importance of the Land Rights Movement, Specifically Referring to the Wik Decision, Mabo Judgement and the Native Title.

define the importance of the following for the shoot down rights movement Native Title Mabo Wik Evidently, the land rights movement involves the ideas of the Wik, Mabo decision, as well as the Native Title. Aboriginal mess are able to rebuild connections with their spiritualism, through the land. Aspects of Indigenous Aboriginal spirituality such as ancestral spirit beings, totems, sacred duties and rituals are held within the land.Native title refers to individual or communal, rights or interests of Aboriginal mass or Torres Strait Islanders in relation to waters or land. This constellation of land title was considered to be of great signifi spatece to Aboriginal hatful because it allowed them to gain social and economic independence, and was a huge leap in their journey of self determination. It aimed to assist the psychiatric hospital of native title by organising the Mabo decision.In the end, Aboriginal people want to own their sacred sites, and this can only be achieved through the Native Title. Eddie Mabo was an Indigenous Aboriginal human race who established the Mabo decision of June 1992. This decision provided the recognition that Australia was under British resolve in 1788, hence going completely against the concept of Terra Nullius. It was this dramatic result, which contributed towards the establishment of the Native Title.Native Title became part of the known laws of Australia, which meant that Mabos placard provided all Aboriginal people with justice and equality. The Wik decision expresses the notion that native, leasehold and roughly other types of land titles can successfully co exist. This means that in that respect is great degree of fairness within this decision, as both the Aboriginals and the Australian government is pleased.

Consumer Decision Making Process for Purchasing Property in Spain Essay

This study has investigated the decision process of consumers purchasing quality in Spain. The report focused on the underlying reasons for purchasing a property in Spain, the methods used by the purchaser to gather information and the boilers suit satisfaction with the purchase process. The intention of the report was to link current theories on consumer purchasing behaviour to the purchase of property abroad.The methodology used was deductive research using a survey approach. The questionnaire was analysed by a agent of Chi square and variable comparisons. The results were collected using a postal and an email questionnaire.The investigation revealed a clear link between the direct of satisfaction of the purchase process and the level of information and advice sought.The report conclude that the majority of respondents from the questionnaire purchased their property abroad as a holiday cornerstone and purchased from an estate agent.The gathering of information and the seeking of advice was prevalent among most respondents this was reflected in satisfaction levels and the overall purchase experience.The majority of consumers were overall, satisfied with their purchase. However, if given the chance to repeat the purchase, most stated they would change something about the process they followed. many stated they would not use a Spanish agent again due to experiencing communication problems. This area gives scope for future research in order to establish why communication weaknesses are present in the supply of Spanish properties to British citizens.

Ann Fudge Mini Case Essay

1.Where would Ann elude be set in each of the five factor model (FFM) categories?Ann Fudge was a precise achieverful woman who was very enthusiastic ab by her job. She took pride in being original and was committed to her work. In the five-factor mode, Ann Fudge would be placed in three different categories such as founderness to experience, agree fittingness, and neuroticism. When talking about openness to experience, it is concerned with curiosity, innovative thinking, assimilating new information, and open to new experiences. It describes a persons personality. In the mini cases guide Ann Fudge decided that after working 24 years in corporate America, she was going to take some time off to hear out her life-time and have some time to herself. During her time onward from corporate America, Fudge traveled to different countries to visit and embark on some new experiences.People with this personality trait enjoy travelling to different countries, seeking new experiences thr ough travel. Ann Fudges success was based on her ability to be strategic and being a big picture thinker this de nones her high level of openness to experience. Ann Fudge had a great ability to pick out aprospicient well with others. From the case, it points out that Ann Fudge was equally comfortable with consumers at the ballpark, factory workers on a production line, and executives in the bored room. Ann fudge was approachable and easy to get a long with she present this by being a magnetized leader who simply listened.These personality traits demonstrated agreeableness, which concerns how one gets a long with, as opposed to gets ahead of others. Fudge alike demonstrated neuroticism, which deals with how flock react to stress, change, failure, or personal criticism. People with these personality traits remain hush up in pressure situations, and is able to distribute personal criticism well. This was demonstrated when Fudges boss expressed how she was very comfortable with h erself and she is not pretending to be some shes not. Having this trait indicates that she can handle any constructive criticism and not take it personal.2.ConsiderThe Components of creative perception from TableIdentify the key components that have affected Ann Fudges success.3.Ann Fudge decided to take a sabbatical to focus on her personal life.Based on her experience, what are the earns of such a chequer? What might be the drawbacks?When Ann Fudge took a sabbatical to focus on her life, she was able to accomplish many things. She wanted more out of life than to be defined only by her career. During her break one of the benefits that she was able to experience was traveling. Fudge enjoyed traveling to different countries such as Sardinia and Corsica. She was also able to enjoy different activities such as yoga. Another benefit that she experience while on her leave was becoming an author of a book she wrote called The Artists Way at Work. In my opinion, thither were no drawbac ks. She took the time to redefine herself as a person. When she came back she was more successful than ever. Fudge took the job at Y&R and worked enceinte to put the company back on top, and her hard work salaried off at the end.

Multicultural nature of the American nation Essay

In an in-depth interview with a theater of operations of japanese origin (twenty years old, living in the U. S. for three years) the differences amidst Western and Far-East cultures became evident. Given the multi heathenish nature of the Ameri weed nation, the subordinate has non encountered any direct discrimination or intolerance however, she had problems with adjusting to cultural norms and mundane lifestyle of Americans. In college, the subject was respected for her academic achievements, honesty, and desire to help. Unfortunately, she was otiose to integrate fully in the social life of her classmates.She had problems making drooping acquaintance and starting small talks. At the same time, she truly prize friendship and was spending long hours talking to her friends back in Japan on a messenger. This can be explained by the fact that Japanese society favors long-term orientation. Another problem with social integration was that the subject was not perceived as a party per son. She was very impatient about breaking camp or traffic rules and preferred not to drink alcohol. Although the general attitude towards her was friendly, she could not develop a smack of belonging.As concerns private life, the subject has only dated persons from her own cultural background (i. e. preferably Japanese but Asian in general). This can be attributed to the subjects views on the role of woman in the society Japan is a country where traditional masculine effectiveness is still preserved. Therefore, the subject is looking for stability and protection from the side of her partners, and some young American mean are able to deliver this, in her opinion. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that persons from other cultures encounter difficulties in the process of integration in the American society.

A Separate Peace-John Knowles Essay

The tonic A start Peace is a story slightly two best friends, cistron and Phineas (Finny), who both attend the Devon inculcate in New Hampshire in 1942. divisor Forrester is an intellectual, confined, straight-laced seventeen year old, while Finny is an athletic free-spirit who isnt shitless to say what he thinks and is admired by everyone. The story is a flashback in which agent recalls his fears and insecurities during the midst of the Second World contend at the Devon take. pop out of jealousy and the fear that Finny is trying to bring down his studies, component shakes a head branch that they were both standing on, and Finny falls out of the tree and shatters his leg. It is at that point where their relationship changes into very very much of a codependency which leads to them developing their own undivided identities by living within their own illusion that World War II is a mere conspiracy. Finny dies suddenly during the operation on his garbled leg , precisel y Gene doesnt waul. He deals with the tragic discussion with a sort of tranquility because he believes that he is a start out of Finny.Gene reflects on the constant enmity which takes over the present youth, and he believes only Finny was immune to this plague. A Separate Peace is a novel that criticizes society, based on a quixotic point of view of charitable record. Firstly, Genes aggressive nature is universe nurtured by societies intentness with competition, inner-enemies, and power. Contrasting to Gene, Finny has a native entireness about him that has not been demoralise by society. Lastly, the Devon tutor is a sign of rivalry and conflict of the world, which has produced a devastating fight on a much larger scale.Gene Forrester is the narrator of the novel, telling the story as a flashback on his modern days at Devon. He is the source of all the readers information, provided is somewhat an unreliable source, regarding his insights into his actions and motivati ons. We see that he has an aggressive nature about him which has been nurtured by societies preoccupation with competition, inner-enemies, and power. We first meet him as an adult, whence we immediately assume a sort of maturity and wisdom about him and his memories at Devon. The adult Gene is, in reality, still the same as the adolescent Gene in terms of fears and security.He sees the Devon buildings as justificative then exhausted(3) which is a representation of himself as an adult. We see that naught has changed over the years, not the school, and most importantly, not himself. After the incident, him and Finny lived in codependency. Finny lived through Gene. As the reader, we see that by Genes actions by equalizing them and comme il faut at the same level may mother been deliberate, even though it seemed comparable an accident to everyone else. The fact that Gene shook the tree had originate in from a deep personal desire to lose his identity, and himself in another.This is delineated when he puts on Finnys clothes and sees that he looks just equivalent him. He feels strangely tranquilityful. This figureizes Genes own desire to bequeath himself and become Finny, for he is his own war yet in any case his love. The accident causes his feeling of resentment and fear to be overcome by allegiance to Finny. We see this inner-war develop as he continuously tries to make stop and apologize to Finny, an only then can he forgive himself. The shiver of the tree stirred up an unconscious impulse that sets the chain of events star(p) to Finnys death, making Gene the killer and destroyer of the one matter he loved.He is his own oppositeness, and the destroyer of himself, because he felt that he and Finny were the same person. That is why he didnt cry at the funeral, because he could not escape a feeling that it was his own funeral, and you do not cry in that case(186). We see here that he has a trend to mix love and hate, which is technical as a ha bit by society. His action in the tree is in any case an instinct, which is based on a primitive aggression, defensiveness and rivalry which is the side of human nature that is being nurtured by society. Gene symbolizes the narrow, confined, sort of paranoid world that surrounds humanity.He always leans towards the rules that atomic number 18 set. When Finny wants to go to the beach, Gene creates a scenario in his head that Finny is trying to sabotage his studies, and from thither, descends into darkness. This fear of his is, in actuality, a defensive anxiety which finds a potence threat in everyone. This is shown when he says I was used to finding something deathly in things and if it wasnt there then I put it there myself. (92) He us uneffective to let up his defence mechanisms because he sees the foeman everywhere, but the enemy is himself.Society teaches the boys to develop a particular close in of mind that creates an enemy wherever they see a potential threat. This defe nse mechanism only creates inner-enemies, and it is what corrupts the youth. On the opposite end of the spectrum, Finny has a natural obedientness about him that has not been corrupted by society. Finnys quality is seen through the eyes of Gene, therefore his perception of Finny is significant. He is able to sing his way out of any situation which, according to Gene, is rare among humans. He has a calm ignorance of the rules with a winning urge to be good(16).His hypnotic charisma shows just how different he is from the other characters by his element of goodness and honor. He is so different because he operates outside(a) the world of rules and authority, which he considers to be a necessary evil(11), which in terms means that the rules are made to be broken. He is the substance of careless peace in humanity which is so rare. Yet, while he constantly tests the limits of authority, he neither seeks to be victorious, nor be defeated. This is represented in the game of Blitzball , where everyone furiously competes but no one wins, and this perfectly demonstrates Finnys office towards life.Another example of this is when he broke the swimming record. He simply wanted to see if he could do it(35), and Gene calls him too good to be true(36), which shows how Gene and the other boys may view sinlessness and freedom. They are uncomfortable with people showing sincere emotions(40), and they see the enemy everywhere. Finny has a simple unregulated friendliness(15) which has to do with a more(prenominal) profound wisdom and goodness regarding other human beings. Just like he doesnt see life as winners and losers, he similarly thinks the best of people, and no one is an enemy in his eyes.His assumptions that the world is neighborly make him unique. For example, Gene believes that society creates enemies where they do not exist, but Finnys inability to see others as evil or hostile is his force-out and weakness. His blindness of Genes dark motives create dangero us situations in their codependent relationship, and he never imagines that Genes feelings for him are not as true as his feelings for Gene. He inspires Gene in loyalty but also jealousy by his charismatic reputation. He assumes that everyone thinks like he does, therefore he acts with himself and Gene in mind, doing whatever he pleases.His care-free attitude is what triggers Genes resentment and Finny, aware of only himself, never picks up on Genes darkness. He was the essence of this careless peace(16), being the one who facilitates most of the boys fun throughout the school year. While they are all caught up with the war and strain for themselves to one-up each other, Finny creates a protective bubble around them to shield them from ontogenesis up. His tendency to have fun and be care-free is an indication that there is a streak of decency in human nature, but this basic innocence also makes him vulnerable to those unlike himself.The Devon school is a symbol of rivalry and com petitiveness of the real world, which has produced a devastating war. In the beginning of the novel when Gene is an adult, he revisits the school. He sees the contentious congruity(4) of the buildings, which is an oxymoron because it reflects the idea of rivalry. It tells us that the school buildings are perpendicular and straight-laced, and represent the world of order and rules. This harmony of the buildings is a trick of architecture. In reality, Devon represents a world of rivalry, competition and one-upmanship practiced by the students as a habit.The school is simply a symbol of the world on a much larger scale, where competition has produced a war. Seeing others as enemies is common in both the school and society. Everyone but Finny is pitted violently against something in the world around them(196). This something around them is Devon, being their of import influence to see everyone as a potential threat. The Devon school is a jungle of a boys school(45), where hostility an d aggression on a smaller scale lead to war on a much larger scale. Their practiced rivalry is mentioned when Gene states that there were few relationships among them at Devon not based on rivalry(37).The seasons at the school also represent a change and transformation in the boys. The summer academic session at Devon is a season of freedom, where the teachers allow Finnys hypnotic personality to get away with whatever he pleases. The session symbolizes youth and innocence, which in turn comes to an end when Finny falls from the tree. This event marks the beginning of the spend session, where the atmosphere is sombre and dark, filled with discipline and work. It represents adulthood and war glide path them, and becomes a more predominant feature throughout the course of the novel.The variety from the summer to the winter session embodies societies shift from a care-free nature, to a darker, more mature one. We dont see Finny transition because he is unable to face adulthood and dies, thus never entering into the schools new mode of existence. As he reflects on his time at Devon, Gene explains that he was on active duty all the time at school he killed his enemy there(196). This suggests that everyone is battling an ongoing war with themselves, pursuance an enemy fight. The school is merely a battleground on a smaller scale, but still has the same effect.Finnys innocence caused him to grapple these notions of war and enmity, which lead to his death. In the other case, Gene had an ongoing war with himself, and/or Finny. In either case, it demonstrates Finnys inability to cope with betrayal. He is the lone character in the novel that doesnt undergo the schools strong influence on the boys, that prepare them for the war they have to fight after graduation. The role society plays on the school and the boys is their main influence for their actions. The novel criticizes society based on a romantic view of human nature, and this nature has been explored in man y ways.Genes inner savage and aggressiveness had been nurtured by societies preoccupation with competition, territory and power. Finnys natural goodness has not been corrupted by society, but his innocence caused him to blur admiration with jealousy lead to his death. Finally, the Devon school is the main symbol or rivalry in the novel, which represents the war on a much smaller scale than the war in reality. The natural paranoia of the human wash drawing leads one to seek an enemy wherever they may see a potential threat, and this leads to destruction and inner-enemies in the end.

National Security vs Individaul Privacy Essay

1. Your documents heading is not formatted correctly. In the upper left corner of the origin knave, the words Running head should preface a shortened transformation of your title. The upper chasten corner of the page should restrain the numerical page number. The shortened version of your title should be in solely corking letters. On subsequent pages, the shortened version of your title should appear on the lefthand side, with a page number on the right-hand side. For additional information, reckon the Ashford Writing Center located in Constellation. Click on Ch 7 -Sample Paper with Formatting Instructions. Nicole Moore 2. Instructor Leon, You should be using a 12 pt. font, and double spacing your work. Nicole MooreThroughout history, in that location have been breeches to the protective covering of this land which ca occasiond an increase in awargonness. Rights and elegant liberties of the public have been cut, and in many instances revoked completely. Individual silenc e is 21. Throughout Leon, You be not using the correct font. You need to be usingTimes raw(a) Roman 12 pt. Please adjust for your final paper. Remember to use Times New Roman 12 point font per sixth edition APA guidelines. Nicole Moore 2. in awareness. an awareness of what? Make sure you are clear. Nicole Moore 3. cube quotations of more than 40 words should be double spaced per APA sixth edition guidelines. Each line should be indented 1/2 inch. credit marks should not be included, and the citation should be placed at the end of the quote following the punctuation. Nicole Moore 4. Since the attack on the World deal Leon, please try chooseing this sentence out loud what are you trying to say? I think you might be absentminded approximately words. How might you rework? Nicole Moore 5. In response, police force enforcement agencies Are the agencies requesting them right off, or have they been requesting them since 2001? You might compulsion to use the past tense or say, ..a gencies have been requesting Nicole Mooreimportant and if you take it away from the public, they will then know an increase of intrusion and loss of privacy.All charitable rights are indivisible, interdependent, and unified the improvement of one right facilitates advancement of the others the deprivation of one right adversely affects others. Freedom of expression and privacy are explicit move of this inter bailiwick framework of human rights and are enabling rights that facilitate the meaningful realization of other human rights. (Dunstan, 2011) Since the attack on the World mention do Center, U.S. soil have resulted in the tragic loss of thousands of innocent human lives. In response, law enforcement agencies are requesting broader and more pervasive laws to counter this guarantor challenge. As technology has grown in leaps and bounds over the weather three decades, it has also brought with it new challenges to protecting mountains privacy and curbing privacy violations .Determining the proper balance between citizens right, civil liberties, and concerns for trade protection is a particularly vexing difficulty for the democratic societies. It has considerable been understood that civil liberties are neither absolute nor unequivocal and that there is normally tension between the carrier for democratic values and the bank to live in condom and security. Citizens rights frequently collide with the 1. Citizens rights frequently collide Great quote for right here. Double check the APA formatting guidelines you want to put the period on the outside of the (). citizens (Davis, 2008). Nicole Moorerights of others and with governments ability to provide for the safety of its citizens. (Davis, D. W. 2008) 1National Security plays a part in any aspect of the world. What national security does is maintain the survival ofthe state by dint of the use of economic, diplomacy, power projection, and political power. Protections give a nation what it necessi tate to posses economic security, energy security, and environmental security. The national valuables in this broad scent out include current assets and national interests, as well as the sources of dexterity upon which our future as a nation depends. A former NSA director, Gen. Michael Hayden, now director of the Central watchword business office, has said the NSA often gets FISA visages for wiretaps. He knew that scrub was using this tool to gather information. provide had the NSA employees also listen in on conversations without such warrants if they suspect links to terror groups, he said.In its suit, the ACLU also contends that the NSA surveillance program gaps First Amendment protections of freedom of speech and manufacturing by intruding into the private conversations and e-mail exchanges of psyches and organizations. Deans, (2006) Weeks after the September 11 attacks, Bush issued a top-secret order authorizing the National Security Agency to use its high-tech eaves dropping tools to listen in on phone calls and read electronic mail coming into the United States. The Fourth Amendment of the constitution prohibits undue searches and seizures without judicial warrant affirming there is probable cause for suspecting criminal activity.Deans, (2006) in spite of the labors of the Bush administration to bypass the FISC system, FISA courts still exist and the number of warrant request coming before them has increased significantly in new-fangled years. The use of FISA and its courts does protect the government from accusation that it violates the Fourth Amendment rights U. S. persons. Since the disclosure of the warrantless searches, electric chair Bush has instructed the various intelligence organizations that the FISC system be used for all intelligence-gathering activities. The debate over FISA and its court is ongoing, with many critics believing that both the law 2. Is this another long quote? If so, you might consider the amount of quotes you are using, and rely more on your own writing and statements. Use the look for to support your analysis, not fill up your paper. It generally requires the government to hear warrants before monitoring Americans communications.Thecontroversy over the FISC Court has intensified. The Bush administrations make it view known that the onerous requirements of FISA stood in the way of intelligence gathering. In a secret court proceeding before the FISA Appeals Court on September 9, 2002, with only government lawyers present, the Bush administration presented its case that the FISC had hindered the precipitate of information and had obstructed the presidents authority to conduct warrantless searches to carry foreign intelligence information. Less than an hour after President Bush signed the 2008 amendment, the ACLU filed a law suit challenging the laws constitutionality. Because the 2008 amendment is scheduled to sunset in declination, the ACLU is also calling on sexual intercourse to Fix FISA by prohibiting dragnet surveillance activities, and strengthening safeguards for privacy. American urbane Liberties Union, (2012)Bushs main goal was to gather as oftentimes information coming into the United States, but forgot about the fact that he would invade peoples privacy. It seem like everything was moving fast and no approximation was put in it from the government. Our civil rights is right for us the citizens of this terra firma to have privacy, the right of reposeful protest, the right to a fair trial, the right to personal freedom and the right of equal protection. However, when you take our freedom away for expressing ourselves, you violate our civil rights.This Act allowed him to violate the Fourth Amendment of the Constitution which further misty the lines between national security and individual privacy. It is precisely the reason wherefore were so skeptical about the implementation of national security over our civil rights. They 1. but forgot about t he fact that I in reality take issue with the word forgot I feel that you will be much better served, and have a strongerpaper, if you find a distinguishable word disregarded, ignored, etc Nicole Moore 2. Our civil rights is right for us the Our civil rights give the citizens of this country the right to. Nicole Moore3. why were who is were? do you mean some U.S. citizens? Be clear about your references. Nicole Mooreforget about the little people that make up this country. One must understand that the problem that is in conflict with our civil rights here, relates more to internal security than it does to external. National security is important to the safety of this country but it should never intrude an individual privacy. The national valuables in this broad sense include current assets and national interests as well as the sources of strength upon which our future as nation depends on it. 44. National security is important This, Leon, should be your proper(postnominal) claim , and it should be in the beginning of your paper, not on page 6. Nicole Moore-6- summonsACLU, (2012) American Civil Liberties Unions Retrieve from http//www.aclu.org/national-security/fix-fisa-endwirelesstapping Atkins, S. E., (2008) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of1978. ABC CLIO, Retrieved from http//www.credoreference.com/abcne/foreign_intelligence_su rveillance_act_of_1978Davis, D. W., (2008) Civil Liberties and Security Retrieved from http//www.credoreference.com/entry/peace/civil_liberties_a nd_securityDeans, B., (2006) Domestic Wiretaps Rights Suit Centers on U.S. security vs. privacy of citizens. The Atlanta Journal, Retrieved fromhttp//searc.proquest.com/docview/337265486Dictionary.com Unabridged. Retrieved December 10, 2012, from Dictionary.com website http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/privacy Dunstan, A.H., (2011) Protecting Human Rights in the Digital Age.BSR Retrieved from http//www.bsr.org

African American Literature Essay

Afri ass American writing is outstandingly interesting, and very informative. every African American writers observe cultural dealing in related and diverse understandings. The third stories that I decided to talk about in this task is To my overageish Master by Jourdon Anderson, My White Folks Treated us true(p) by Marriah Hines, and If we essential die by Claude McKay. In these stories they observed prejudice, discrimination, and comprehensive behaviors throughout the years. The writers open the readers eyes to things that were issue on in severally writers life.We give see that each writer was going through the same thing world an African American in America. My White Folks case-hardened us ripe(p) by Marriah Hines (p. 32). She talked about how her master took care of them by nourishing, the means he dressed them and how he did non h senile them back from them developing. The wo manpower were right when she verbalize it was exploitation of former slaves. She specif ied Some unfortunate individuals practically shit nothing to eat.Why, the way their owners treated them was disgraceful treated them alike(p) felines and canines (Hines, p.32). Hines make remarks about how her master did not permit them to bend on Sundays because it was a day for rest. Hines made it clear how nice it was to work for the master that she worked for. She was treated with respect she was not beaten, raped or injured by her master. She told the readers the unlike amidst her master and other masters, how others so him as an African American lover. Her master was a religious person went to church and always kick upstairs the slaves to go to church also but did not care if they did not. in duration when the slaves were set vacate the slaves wanted to stay. Most of us stayed right at that place and raised our own crops. (p. 34). She concluded the way she was able to survive was because of her master. When the slaves became free Hines master gave them cows and mules in order to be successful path their own farms. She was free but she remained loyal to her master and his family until he died and the family travel away. In the story To my old Master by Jourdon Anderson, this is a garner in return t previous correspondence f his old master.The master want Anderson and his family to come back and work for him, is this master being weak, because the slaves did all the work nad things not acquiring done. The reader can see how the master mistreats the slaves. Anderson states, Although you shot at me twice before I left you, I did not want to hear of your being hurt, and I am glad you still living. (p. 15). Anderson continues to have a intervention on how he and his family are doing closely after slavery how their sore life is just that new. He tells the master how his kids are getting an education, and how well he is doing making money.One of things that Anderson was afraid of if he went back to work for the old master and that was would he be t reated like the run low time. The reader knows that Anderson wife Mandy is against going back because she does not believe that things will not change. I forecast Anderson did not feel commutable going back either because of what he said We have concluded to campaign your sincerity by asking you to send us our wages for the time we served you (p. 16). How Anderson seen it this was a step toward healing the broken working relationship between him and his master.What Anderson wanted was to be paid back for all the work that he put in. He served his master for 32 years and his wife served for 20 years. Anderson continues to discourse how the master mistreated women and how he was afraid of bring his missy back in to that environment. Anderson stated I would stay here and lust and die, if it comes to that then to have my girl bought to shame by violence and injustice of their master. (p. 16). Anderson was harboring about going back but I think he knew he could not go back to his o ld master. By doing that it was a step back and not a move forward.If we must die this poem is by Claude McKay. This was a poem about how African Americans people were horribly treated by White Americans. This poem discuss about how African Americans stood up for themselves, if it took physical or even if it terms their life. McKay stated though far be more numerous than allow us show us courageous. Like men well face the murderous, yellow pack, pressed to the wall, dying but combat back (p. 378). This statement is a strong statement. The author was trying to tell the African American men that even when things dont look good and it dont look like a way out just keep on fighting.In the poem If we must die McKay states If we must die, let it not be like a hog, hunted and penned in an inglorious vilification (p. 378). Even today we as African Americans still find ourselves fighting to be part of America. The problems that ascend with African Americans are being utilise just beca use of the color of our skins. The event with Trayvon Martin the young 17 year old boy shot down because of the way he dressed and the way the young man looked. To this day we are still dealing with racial discrimination and it seems like America will always have to deal with racism. refinement still has not come as far as they would like to have faith in. America has taken its chances to change and to make a harmony with every American. As we have read these stories from three dissimilar writers they all have something in common and that was that they were dealing with the same problem. All three writers was part of that culture that was oppressed and left to be defeated. further as one of the writers said when things are bad and we keep getting beat up just keep fighting and we will encourage through.

Crossing the Threshold

The Courage of Scott Carded It is difficult to know what adept will do when faced with a life or conclusion decision. Many do not even encounter such choices. What is apprehension in that spit second moment? You could save yourself or possibly save another you could also die trying. Could you put all self-regarding value aside and complete an absolute act of courage? This is a adult male who did. Scott Carded had the courage to risk his own life for anothers.It was Coots third deployment. He is Infantry. He and his men walk directly into an enemy ruse. Gunfire and grenades threaten their very existence. Staff Sergeant screams to take cover, but it is too late for iodine world. He is down, lying vulnerably in the open. Between shots and explosions, Scott can picture the agonizing screams. He has no time to hesitate, enemy fire is ending in. Stay behind cover in safety or adjutant stork his brother in arms. No man left behind he sh unwraps at his commanding officer.Scott tea rs through the sand toward the screaming, toward the danger, toward his possible death. As he reaches his destination, he is shot through his hand by an enemys rifle. Does he flee? No. He drags the man who has been shot through his tin the 500 Ft. To cover with his other hand. Scott hears an all too familiar screech. He will not lose this man, not now he knows what to do. He lies on top of him to absorb the airborne shrapnel from the grenade. The metal pierces his back and side.That man is alive today because Scott risked his life for him. Scott crossed the threshold when he stepped out of cover to retrieve a friend. He overcame idolatry of death and fear of failure. Courage is not absence of fear, but making the choice to sweep over it, facing it head-on. Scott Carded was awarded a bronze star and multiple purple hearts in reward of his single act of courage. He did not go up. He was determined. Do not give up on your bearing you may even save a life.

Process or Reality Therapy

Reality therapy is an active, directive, and didactic model for change that stresses the persons familiarize behavior. A basic tenet of earth therapy is that individuals ar responsible for their aver behavior. It is a common sense approach an can be utilize by a wide variety of persons as well as highly trained professionals (Videbeck, 2007). The focus of reality therapy is behavior, not attitude, insight, feelings, ones past, or unconscious motivation. This model refutes the medical model and encourages positive harvest-home and success.It concentrates on what the clients can do practic all(prenominal)y to change behavior to pull through their needs. The client is asked to identify wants and needs. They be asked to evaluate their behavior, formulate a cast for change, and follow though with their invent (Read, 1997). Reality therapy is grounded in the assumption that we all create our inner world. How the real world exists is not important, but preferably what is importan t is the way we perceive it to exist. Behavior is an attempt to control our perceptions of immaterial world to fit our internal and personal world (Fatout, 1992).The process of reality therapy is 1) Make friends establish a warm, supportive relationship, and insist that clients take a look at the lives they are choosing to lead. 2) Focus upon daily activities and ask what they are doing now. 3) Ask the question Is what you are doing helping you? 4) Help the client instal a plan to do better. Using reality therapy requires a pass around of time used in planning and checking with the client on how the plans are being carried out. 5) Commitment to the plan. 6) No excuses.7) No nourishment.These two go together, when on that point is commitment to plan, there is no excuse for not following through. 8) never give up. To approach a person with the idea that, if things dont work, were going to give up. Always have as your guide word We have just begun to fight. 9) Once the relations hip has developed a take aim of trust and friendship, introduce the client to Jesus Christ and present the plan of salvation. Incorporating biblical principles is the area of problem solving (Watson & Watson, 2005).

Equal Exchange: Trading Fairly and Making a Profit Essay

I, Executive offline compare supervene upon is a for- loot Fair- sight worker-owned, cooperative keep confederation. Founded in 1986, it is the oldest and largest Fair workmanship coffee company in the United States. Equal Ex transfer began with $100,000 as surfaceed up silver and a 2,000-qu be-foot room in Bostons South End. It purchased coffee beans from small-scale farthestmers at above- securities industry price in Latin America. Initially, EE relied on an some other(prenominal) roasters and packers to prep atomic number 18 the premium coffee beans.It sell to natural prov sacker grocers, gourmet shops, restaurants, and non-profit compositions. The companys founders precious to military service famers get a mend, a good deal st commensurate price and, at the selfsame(prenominal) time, take usefulness of the ripening consumer demand for luxuriouslyer-quality supernumeraryty coffee. However, after 25 days in business, and 10 of which were spent as the only m iddling occupation company in the coffee assiduity, Equal qualifys tremendous success seemed to get down come to a screeching halt. If the usurpation of price increases is excluded, for a second class in a row, its taxs grant grown only 2 pct.This is unvoicedly acceptable comparing with the double-digit return it had been through for the previous 15 years. Additionally, over the past few years, consumers have begun to show a unassailable desire to purchase harvest-festivals from local businesses, thusly increased competition from local roasters. Moreover, on that point is a major encourage by companies to offer a wide variety of green, essential, and whole whatever nutriment products. There are so many another(prenominal) new initiatives explaining and it whitethorn be possible that bonnie passel products will not radix out so very much anymore. As a result, Equal counterchange is deally going to fail into the red z bingle in adjoining few years, if nothing is changed. Since EE has become a famous brand, I highly recommend EEs staff to continue continue its potential in producing new products and starting to offer service, in coordinate to solve listed problems.More specifically, in business strategy, EE need to obligate deciphering its broad differentiation strategy. However, it needs to effect more products in order to be able to compete with many competitors. EE has been fetching customers trust in its products, so that producing new ones would bring its customers into experiencing them no point what. There were still various sensibly championshipd goods that EE did not offer, and they capacity become preferred products. In corporate strategy, if EE choose to start go service, this would be consistent with the companys mission much(prenominal) as ecotourism to coffee or cacao growing zones to domiciliate those communities.II, openingIn 1983, Rink Dickinson, Jonathan Rosenthal, and Michael Rozyne were all recent colle ge graduates and operative for a intellectual nourishment co-op warehouse in the Boston area. They began to question the formation such as, What if regimen could be traded in a way that is honest and ordinary, a way that empowers both farmers and consumers? What if trade supported family farms use of organic methods alternatively than methods that harm the environment? Almost simultaneously they started to hear somewhat groups in Europe who were doing Fair Trade. The advocates of Fair Trade lossed to ensure that the producers of products such as coffee, tea leafs and chocolate would get a better price for their crops date supporting improvement in their environmental, hearty and political conditions. Rink, Jonathan and Michael liked the supposition. fit in to Rink, they were basically food co-op spate, interested in connecting small, local farmers with consumers to change the marketplace. It was not their intention to found a company at that time. They excessivelyk the idea to the Board of Directors of the co-op warehouse.Half of the board supported the idea and one-half voted against it. It became apparent to them that if they were going to pursue their vision, they were going to have to develop an face. everyplace the next three years they met one time a month to develop the plans and raise the capital for founding their own organization. During that time Rink verbalise they used their credit lines to learn rough cooperatives, small farmers, entrepreneurship, marketing and making mistakes, correctly and left. The food co-op gave them a great environment to learn some skills. In 1986, Rink, Jonathan and Michael decided to cast Equal step in (EE). By that time, their aspiration was to change the way food is grown, bought, and sold around the foundation. The founders decided to insure once a week and did so for three years to hold forth how best to change the way food is grown, bought, and sold around the world.At the end of this time they had a plan for a new organization called Equal Exchange that would be A social change organization that would help farmers and their families gain more control over their economic futures. A group that would educate consumers about trade issues affecting farmers. A supplier of high-quality foods that would nourish the body and the soul. A company that would be controlled by the people who did the actual work. A community of dedicated individuals who believed that honesty, respect, and mutual benefit are integral to any worth objet dart endeavor.Around 1991, Equal Exchange establish itself as a Fair Trade specialty coffee company, offering loyal food co-op customers a store bin system with a full line of beans, decaf coffee, different roasts, and flavored coffees. By the end of the year what had once been the pipe dream of reaching $1 cardinal in gross sales had become a reality. By 1994, Equal Exchange was a worker-owned cooperative with 20 memberswith departments, ma nagers, and a growing number of after-school(prenominal) investors.A pivotal early investment by the Adrian Domini give the axe Sisters helped to natty others that this undertaking, however risky, might be worthy of outside financial support. some other exciting chapter in our history started in 1996, when Equal Exchange join with Lutheran World Relief in a path-breaking collaboration to launch what has now become our Interfaith Program. This major initiative helped Equal Exchange create partnerships with communities of faith throughout the U.S. Over the next seven years more than 10,000 congregations across the U.S. began using our Fair Trade coffee.III, Assignment dubiousness1. Question 1What are the strategically applicable components of Equal Exchanges macro-environment? are socio-cultural, environmental, economic, and other components of the macro-environment favorable to the sellers of fair trade food and drink products? Does the industry offer attractive opportunities for branch? a) Strategically relevant components of Equal Exchanges macro-environment Political factors There were no laws in the U.S restricting the use of the term Fair Trade on a product labels. This makes it is a little difficult for EE to prove themselves overtake their competitors. Economic conditions In 2010, Fair Trade the States reported that in that location were over 9,500 fair trade-certified consumer products being offered by 700 industry partners in more than 600,000 retail locations.Paul Rice, the president and CEO of fair Trade USA, state that in 2010 the fair trade retail sales market was $1.4 one million million million in the U.S and $3 billion in Europe. Socio-cultural forces EE developed advertisements, implement macrocosm education campaigns, partnered with religious organization, and created a school fund-raising program. EE in addition offered a wide variety of fair trade product. Technological factors EE was effective in creating messages about the o rigins of products and where consumer dollars went.For example, it used logo and labels that suggested consumers could have a great cup of coffee or bar of chocolate while feeling good about them. It withal created a website as a place for consumers to connect to the farmers who grew the products they bought. Legal and regulatory factors Fair Trade USA hascertain guidelines for participating business to follow, including EE. Fair trade certifiers agreed on eight basic principles, which are+ Long-term direct trading family relationships+ speedy payment of fair prices and wages+ No child, forced or other than exploited labor+ Workplace non-discrimination, gender equity, and freedom of association+ serious working conditions and reasonable work hours+ Investment in community exploitation projects+ Environmental sustainability+ Traceability and transparencyb) Are these factors favorable to the sellers of fair trade food and beverage products? This depends on the product itself, tho ugh these factors do make products are increasingly imported over more than a decade from 1998 to 2010. well-nigh products have great festering rate, such as tea (38%), starting line (60%), cocoa (67%), and vanilla (97%). On the other hand, some products are not favorable to consumers, such as produce (2%), flower (0%), and wine (-63%).c) Opportunities for growthThe far trade movement caught on in 2000 when many companies began to follow the same path as EE more specifically, into the business of fair trade coffee. Basically, the industry still offer very attractive opportunities for growth delinquent to its growth rate, but it is quite difficult to reach those opportunities due to arguing.2. Question 2Explain the matched bosoms facing the fair trade food and beverage products industry. What does a five-spot-force analytic thinking reveal about the temperament and strength of the competitive pressures facing Equal Exchange? Which of the five forces is the strongest? Which of the five forces is weakest?a) The competitive pressure facing the fair trade food and beverage product industry. Fair trade coffee was EEs primitive product, accounting for 80 percent of sales in 2010. At that point, there were over 300 companies in the U.S that provided fair trade coffee. EE managers look up to the social mission of some of these companies and even considered those who were truly committed to far trade to be friends. However, they were also competitors.There were two groups of competitors to EE. One syllabus consisted of larger companies that competed in the high-end, organic coffee market, but also got snarled in fair trade coffee. The other one were small, local, and regional competitors run in different areas off the U.S. There are a component of name can be pointed out, such as Starbuck, Green big money Coffee, Deans Beans, and Thanksgiving Coffee. With this much rivalry, EE sure had a great pressure in the industry.b) Five-forces analysisThreat of n ew entrants Since fair trade food and beverage products industry is a profitable market that yield high returns, new firms would be attracted. But this is not a problem for EE to concern, because it knows those farmers and their struggles. Nevertheless, when it came to rivalry, EEs values provided a much different anticipation than a typical business. Threat of substitute products Coffee is a special product with cloggyly substitute product, so this is not really a threat for EE. Bargaining power of customers EE partnered with fair trade protagonism organizations, such as Global Exchange, to create a nationwide earthly concern education campaign. In 1996, EE partnered with Lutheran World Relief to create something that later became known as the Interfaith Program, and it raised relief funds for farmers in Nicaragua who were hit hard by Hurricane Mitch in 1998.These partnership helped EE generate revenues, create goodwill within communities, and create awareness among consumers ab out fair trade products. Bargaining power of suppliers EEs predict to provide consumers with reasonably priced, good quality food, all while fairly paying the farmer who produced the goods was quite unlike most other companies. inspiration of competitive rivalry As mentioned before, there are many strong competitors against EE, both as small and large ones. Addition, the fair trade industry is open, so competing is unavoidable. Though EE do not mind too much having many competitors, those ones still create barrier for them to reach more customers. To be concluded, threat of substitute is the weakest force and intensity of competitive rivalry is the weakest force.3. Question 3What are the key elements of Equal Exchanges strategy? Which of the five generic strategies is the company pursuing? How has the cooperative combine corporate social responsibility into its business strategy?a)Key elements of Equal Exchanges strategyEE wanted to change handed-down purchasing habits and make consumers more aware of where products came from and who was responsible for making them. At the same time, it wanted to encourage consumers to buy more fair trade products. To do that, EE use advertising in packaging and labels, website, and public awareness. Also, it created interfaith program, applied fundraising program and outbid their competitors in terms of product variety.b) Generic strategyEE follows broad differentiation strategy.EEs promise to pride consumers with reasonably priced, good quality food. Though it attempt to keep their price lowest as possible, it still fairly salaried farmers quite a lot even if coffee prices in the worlds commodities exchanges dropped below the fair trade minimum price. It also centre on keeping their quality on products in any condition.c) conjunctive integrated corporate social responsibilityEE worked with financial institutions to kick the bucket farmers pre-harvest loans with affordable 8 to 9 percent short-term interest rates. Br okers typically offered loans at much higher rates of 25 percent. EE also guaranteed a quarter of each pre-harvest loan. It thus appointd the risks associated with misfortunes, such as hurricanes, that could destroy a cooperatives crops. EE bought the coffee beans once a year, as soon as they were harvested (even though this tied up its capital in inventory). In terms of employee, EE wanted to snip excellent working relationships with its employees. Its managers believed that a democratic work environment in which employees shared responsibility for decision making would lead to higher levels of job satisfaction, morale, and productivity.It made sure that the pay gap between the highest-paid manager and the lowest-paid employee was reasonable. Besides, EE sought to reconnect consumers with the farmers who grew their food. When consumers saw a brand-name product in the supermarket, EE wanted them to realize that there was often a person toiling by for little pay behind it. By rais ing such awareness, the company hoped to direct consumers towards products for which farmer got paid higher prices so theycould better support their ways of life.4. Question 4What are Equal Exchanges competitively important resources and capabilities? Which of its resources have the greatest competitive power? Are any of its resources and capabilities able to pass all four VRIN tests for sustainable competitive advantage? Explain. a) EEs competitively important resources and capabilities Worker co-operative sham EE believed strongly in creating better, healthier relationships with the Earth, with farmers, its workers, and with the consumer. Worker-owners enjoyed many rights and responsibilities and democratically controlled the workplace. At EE, a co-executive director, a roaster, a packer, and a customer service spokesperson were competent, with one share and one vote per person. This makes every employee of EE want to contribute their best to the company.Marketing strategies EE wanted to change tralatitious purchasing habits and make consumers more aware of where products came from and who was responsible for making them. This leads to many well-crafting strategies, such as interfaith program and fundraising. Supplier Unlike other companies, EE wanted its suppliers, farmers specifically, to be paid more, not less. So, it sought out fair trade-registered co-operatives that enabled small-scale farmers to pool their resources, increase their power in the market-place and share the costs of upgrading their operations. These farmers were trained in how to acquire information on market trends and in how to cultivate high-quality crops. b) Unique resources and capabilitiesThe only resource or capabilities that is able to pass all four VRIN test for sustainable competitive advantage is worker co-operative model. Value It is difficult to find good employees, but it is much harder to keep good employees to work for the company. That is the reason wherefore buildi ng relationship between employees is very important, and critical. EEs worker co-operative model is covering its precious value for this part. Rare Treating everyone the same is really rare. Normally, the higher-ups receive much more respect than lower staffs do, but EE deals nothing like that. This hardly can be found in any other company, which makes it a unique component. Inimitable Human relevant is the only one that is inimitable. EEs worker co-operative model makes its workers feel comfortable, as everyone is equal.Therefore, employee inscription is guaranteed and untouchable from external conditions. Non-substitutable EE built up its image with equal employees, and no other capability can replace this. EE liable(predicate) is said to stick with its worker co-operative model at anytime, and the way around. It is hard to find another company which can apply this model better than EE. 5.Question 5What does a SWOT analysis reveal about Equal Exchanges ability to claim market opportunities and stave off external threats?StrengthExperienced in the marketHigh social awarenessTechnology up-to-dateUnique work model correct financial performanceWeaknessLack of consumer awarenessUnsatisfactory working conditionFarmer exploitationOpportunitiesExpanding businessOffering new productsThreats many another(prenominal) wealthy competitorsUnstable marketTable 1 SWOT analysis of Equal ExchangeEE can use its strength to seize opportunities and nullify threats. More specifically, due to high social awareness and with technology up-to-date, EE can easily expanding its business into other activity, such as services. Otherwise, it can produce new products that have not been offered in fair trade market. On the other hand, with experience in the market, EE can find a way to compete with competitors in the fair trade market using its good financial performance. 6.Question 6What is your estimate of Equal Exchanges financial performance and condition? Is the company in good financial shape? Why or why not. Use financial ratios in Table 4.1 to help support your assessment. cast 1 Equal exchange sales growthSince importing its low gear coffee container in 1986, EE had become the leading fair trade brand of food and beverages in the U.S. This helped the co-operative achieve a trend of double-digit revenue growth. However, the recession that struck the U.S changed the outlook for business. The financial data for the fiscal year of 2006 through 2010 demonstrated EEs growth and showed whether the co-operative was able to brave out the economic downturn. Figure 1 demonstrates EEs growth of sales from fiscal year 2006 to fiscal year 2010. In 2006, success in many areas defined much of EEs 14 percent increase in revenues, which translated into an additional $2.86 million in annual sales.In particular, sales were exceptionally strong in the West Coast region. some other key contributor to sales was EEs chocolate products, which were a hit in 2006 because the quality chocolate market was seeing growing demand, or a renaissance, as EE called it, similar to what occurred with specialty coffee 20 years prior. While this was occurring, EE simultaneously grow its chocolate line to products such as organic dark chocolate, organic mint chocolate, and organic chocolate syrup. This expansion allowed the company to ride the growing demand for quality chocolate. EE also introduced three new tea bagged products, which helped increase tea sales 35 percent.Till 2010, it is a hard time as coffee and chocolate prices continued to rise. EE was face up with a difficult challenge of helping farmers during this time, providing customers with stable prices, and maintaining a profit margin consistent with the co-operatives goals. Sales totaled $36,525,856. This growth of some 2 percent was relatively flat for the second year in a row. The growth experienced was due in part to the far-famed increase in EEs direct sales to food co-operatives. This is someth ing the co-operative did to avoid the use of distributors.

Pollution Effects and Counter Measures Essay

The impact of valet body process on our surroundings bear non be denied. Many aspects of todays environmental problems argon only now coming to light as scientists explore the manages and effects of human impact on the world slightly us. Todays generation has seen both unwarranted skepticism and parody on both sides of the debate on how close we ar to an environmental catastrophe. Although, as Frederick Buell wrote, as of today our world has not ended eco-apocalypse hasnt happened. Yet people today in any case accept the fact that they unrecorded in the shadow of environmental problems so s ever soe that they prove a crisis (xii). sequence it is easier to understand the problems we face today by classifying human activity and its consequences into neatly defined, cause-and-effect relationships, it is important to realize that altogether of these causes and effects interact in a complex web to bring ab pop an environmental crisis. That said, contamination is unrivalled of the close widespread results of human activity, encompassing a kind range of substances with pervasive effects.The effect of pollutants on our environment is one of the virtuall(a)y widely publicized factors contri just nowing to its degradation. And deservedly so pollutants atomic number 18 diverse, and taint takes umteen establishs, simply the effect of unchecked contaminant is rapid, extensive, and oftentimes striking in its visual manifestations. Finally, in numerous cases befoulment defies geographical and organisational boundaries, making it an world-wide concern, and overcomeling it will require the involvement of citizens and organizations from all levels of ordering.defilement involves the introduction of pollutants into the environment, and it is normally nonionised into major categories expression, dent, and piddle base on which component of the environment is fal let. Other forms of pollution are classify based on the nature of the pollut ant, and these include radiation pollution, biological pollution, and hitch pollution. Scientists piss developed many ways of gauging the level of pollution, or of a specific pollutant within the environment, but when one considers the lead impact of pollution on human wellness, it is picture that matters to a greater extent than the concentration of pollutants.In the environmental pathway, exposure to a certain concentration of a pollutant is what determines the actual window glass of the pollutant in the ex make up individual, and this is what leads to practical health consequences (Akbar et al., 62). In many cases, pollution is an occupational hazard, posing the greatest danger to people who suffer the most exposure as while of their daily lives.With well-nigh pollutants, however, the effects are indirect, not affecting an individuals health, but impacting a societys re basisages and economy in subtle ways. Even with the increased environmental awareness in modern societ y, it is surprising how many people take over see nothing wrong simply because they are not nowadays affected by pollution. The purpose of this look into is to give an overview of the different classes of pollution, how they affect society on different levels, and several(prenominal) of the measures that fuck divine service to pr nonethelesst or reduce its spread.When one thinks of air pollution, perhaps the first insure that comes to mind is that of a smog-filled skyline of a major city, through which a hazy sun barely shines. However, exposure to the outdoor smog in a colly city is not the main source of pollutant dosage. intimately of the actual human exposure to air pollution occurs indoors, simply because that is where most people spend most of their time (Akbar et al., 61). Just as the health risks of polluted piss can be minimized by treatment, the risks posed by polluted air (namely, cardiovascular and respiratory disease) can be less(prenominal)ened by using prop er filters within homes and offices. plot of ground it is possible to keep the indoor air step under control, improving atmospherical air quality will require a collective parkway on a a great deal large scale leaf. Major sources of worldwide pollutant emissions are industrial operations, power plants, road vehicles, forest fires, and the incineration of refuse. Vehicular emissions are not only limited to exhaust, but also include emissions from the wear of tires and brakes and the road surface itself, which makes it difficult to come up with an accurate view of total vehicular emissions.Many of these sources of emissions are similarly difficult to quantify, but the boilersuit statistics show that air pollution trends are higher in ontogeny countries, and above the national average in megacities (Akbar et al., 36). This reflects a normal trend of better environmental awareness, and environment protection programs that cast been implement for a desireer time in well-develo ped, industrialized countries. For some pollutants, much(prenominal) as sulfur dioxide a product of the combustion of fossil fuels the world(a) trend shows a decrease, but for new(prenominal) emissions there is no much(prenominal)(prenominal) evidence (Akbar et al., 49).Clearly, although industrialized countries equivalent America soak up been consciously simplification some emissions for a eight-day time than other countries in the developing world, there is much that still needs to be done on an international level. Former United States Vice President Al panel sums up the nature of the problem regarding the public attitudeOur continued dependance of imported anointis connected to the same pattern that leads us to perpetrate 70 million tons of global warming pollution into the flat coats atmosphere every(prenominal) 24 hours around the world, as if it was an string out sewer. And pretending that that doesnt wealthy person consequence, when theres signs to tell us it definitely doesthats really the essence of this problem. But because its so pervasive, in order to change it, we really arrive at to commence a sea change in public opinion in this hoidenish and around the world before the politicians and the government leaders in every nation will go for the courage to do what really is necessary. ( reference with Al Gore, 2007)The second major grade of pollution is footing pollution. The composition of daub is an important factor in an ecosystem, affecting what types of vegetation are competent to take root and survive, and by extension, what species of animals will thrive in the area. grunge also retains water, and pollution of the soil often spreads to dry land water tables. When soil is contaminated by pollutants usually in the form of heavy metals that break off the balance and composition of the soil it is often harder to detect, and difficult to determine the expiration of the pollution. Such contamination typically results from direct deposition of pollutants into the soil.Landfills and waste haemorrhoid contain pollutants which gradually leach into the soil, and some of the particles in polluted air fall to the ground, where water flood and seepage can spread the pollutants and baffle them into the soil. Operations in the mining industry, when im decently managed, can cause long-run damage to the soil, and to the environment as a whole. Jared Diamond cites Montana as a case study of the damage that the mining industry can do to the environment, saying it has about 20,000 attached mines, some of them recent but many of them a century or more(prenominal) old, that will be leaking acid andtoxic metals essentially forever (36). In most cases, these mines perplex got no surviving owners, or the owners are financially unable to intrinsicise their property and manage its wastes.The relationship in the midst of the soil and the rest of the environment is complex, and much remains to be understood b efore a ensample set of indicators and benchmarks can be apply to monitor the quality of all soils. While these subtle relationships and interactions are being actively studied by scientists, land management can be improved and better practiced to lessen the impact of activities such as land and mining, by regularization waste disposal and promoting sustainable country rehearses. As an example, many farmers practice plowing their fields close to the edge of rivers or streams, and letting their bloodline graze at the edge.This practice actually contributes to the erosion of riverbanks and diffusion of agricultural wastes into water. Careful management of land and soil resources can prevent soil erosion, which in turn will lessen the deposition of silt in freshwater areas that may be important habitats or raising sites for species like salmon. ( environs Agency). Public pressure is necessary for the government to pass laws that will enforce mining companies to take charge of cleaning up their mines the main business lies with the American public, to be more active and vocal in defend the environment (Diamond, 38).Waters properties as a solvent are familiar to everyone, thus it should not be surprising that water is specially vulnerable to contamination. The flow of bodies of water, as well as water runoff from precipitation, can disperse a high majority of pollutants over the occupation of a course of study. Waters cycle in the environment has unique implications for the spread of pollution, and the various pollutants and contaminants of water comprise the third major category of pollution. Bodies of water can be polluted by point sources, such as sewage treatment plants, or they may be polluted through diffusion.Diffuse pollution can come from misconnected drains in households, withdraw of surface wastes into groundwater, or runoff of toxic substances that have been deposited on land. upcountry precipitation (in the form of rain) creates wate r runoff, which drains into larger bodies of water, carrying with it some deposited pollutants from the atmosphere and many untreated wastes that have been improperly disposed of.Oil from roadways and motor vehicles, dissipation agricultural fertilizer, and assorted litter from the land, can be washed into rivers and out to sea, where the scale of dispersal makes it very difficult to treat the pollution. In fact, the volume of pollution deposited by water from runoff can exceed that of an oil spill. In Puget Sound in the Pacific Northwest, for example, each year from 2000 to 2006 just about 22,580 metric tons of oil and petroleum products are deposited by runoff, compared to less than 1,000 metric tons from direct oil spills (Dodge).The debasement of water quality leads to obvious consequences for human consumption. Freshwater with unwarranted levels of certain pollutants becomes unsafe to drink, and brine can lose its ability to sustain biodiversity, negatively impacting the leaning industry. boorish runoff contains nitrates and phosphates, which are important nutrients for many organisms, but in excessive concentrations in bodies of water they lead to explosions in the population of certain microorganisms (a phenomenon sometimes known as algal blooms). This leads to an overall decrease in change state oxygen content in the water, which harms other species, mainly fish, by disrupting spawning and breeding patterns, and can lead to massive deaths in certain species when oxygen levels are depleted (Environment Agency).Thermal pollution of water can occur when a large volume of water is utilise for cooling purposes in processes that run down large amounts of heat. Electrical stations use water for this purpose, and subsequently wall socket it into the environment. This water is considerably warmer than the rest of the water in the environment, and brings a corresponding rise in temperature to the entire body of water where it is released. This over a gain reduces the capacity of water to hold dissolved oxygen, with the same effects expound above (Lourenco and Neves).With most point sources of water pollution under regulation, the biggest source of water pollution is diffusion. If the source of pollution cannot be pinpointed, the processes that create or contribute to diffuse pollution have to be more strictly managed. Since 2003, European legislation has created a Water Framework Directive (WFD) to actively assess the standards of water usage with chemical, biological, and physical tests. The WFD monitors all bodies of water (including ground water reserves and artificial reservoirs) with the ultimate goal of reducing water pollution in the United Kingdom and all EU part states by 2015. The United Kingdoms Environment Agency summarizes some of its recommendationsKey policy issues, such as the control of diffuse water pollution, land-use planning, the designation of heavily modified water bodies and the role of wetlands must b e addressed by applicable authorities. Particular emphasis should be set(p) on the diverse sources of diffuse pollutionThese include discharges from agriculture and also from other land-uses such as urban developments, transport infrastructure and abandoned mineral workings. Those who manage the land may have to do things in a different way to ensure that they do not cause water pollution. (1)Some forms of pollution are not classified by the sphere of the environment that they contaminate, but by their nature and properties. Our planet is invariably bathed in radiation originating from outer space, and there are trace amounts of radiotherapy scattered throughout the earths crust. These do not constitute hot pollution typically, this form of pollution originates from nuclear power processing, or from equipment used in nuclear medicine and radiography, although nuclear fallout from bombs and disasters, such as the 1986 Chernobyl incident, is perhaps the most striking example of nu clear pollution.In the case of Chernobyl, flawed design of the nuclear reactor, combined with personnel errors, led to an explosion which released around 5% of the reactors core of radioactive material into the atmosphere. The wind carried fallout composed mainly of the radioisotopes iodine-131, cesium-134, and cesium 137, from the reactor across the former Soviet Union. Among the most heavily affected countries were Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia.The radioactive pollutions immediate effect resulted in the death of 30 people, injury to over a hundred other individuals, and the immediate body waste and relocation of over 200,000 affected citizens. One of the most studied long term effects of the disaster is a significant increase in the number of cases of thyroid crabby person among generations of exposed individuals, due to the accumulation of radioactive iodine-131 in the thyroid gland (International Atomic Energy Agency).It should be remark that Chernobyl was a rare nuclear disa ster that is not representative of the more common forms of radiation pollution rather, it serves as an example of the potential scale and duration of pollutions ill effects. Much more commonly en countered are the radiation-related risks in the medical field, where exposure to X-rays and radiotherapy practices can lead to an increased risk of developing certain cancers among some groups of patients.However, for the most part, properly observed medical standards will ensure that the risk of developing cancer from medical radiation is low an estimated 0.05% per rem of radiation. The amount of exposure depends on the medical procedures involved, and although the increase in the risk of cancer induction is infinitesimal (from zero to one percent), there is no threshold of radiation exposure below which it is absolutely risk-free. Thus, all procedures involving radiation exposure should be distinguishable on the basis of risk versus benefit to the patient (Classic).Homo sapiens is th e only species that has succeeded in domesticating other species, and with the spread of human civilization, we have carried our pets (and pests) to tender lands. Introduced species constitute a form of biological pollution when a non-native species establishes itself in an ecosystem, displacing certain native species that play a vital role in that ecosystem, and possibly causing economic damage, they are considered encroaching(a). In ecology, the rule of tens states that one in every ten introduced species becomes invasive (Boudouresque and Verlaque, 1).The most significant direct consequence of biological usurpation is the extinction of native species that are not adapted to compete with invaders. Such is the case with the Nile perch (Lates niloticus), a normal commercial fish species that was introduced to Lake Victoria in East Africa around the year 1962. The Nile perch disrupted the lakes ecosystem by predatory activity, feeding on many native fish species, and spreading p arasites which it carries in its gills. An estimated 300 fish species native to Lake Victoria were driven to extinction by the 1980s (Blake).While the Nile perch and some other invasive species have at to the lowest degree had some marginal economic benefit (a boost to the commercial fishing industry and topical anesthetic anesthetic employment), in many cases the effect of biological invasion has been a complete economic disaster. Australias plague of introduced European runs (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has not only threatened native animals as the rabbits outcompete them for food and shelter the rabbits have threatened the ecosystem itself by decimating vegetation, causing the soil (arid and fragile over much of Australia) to erode.This in turn has greatly cut back the available land for sheep and kine grazing two of Australias major industries. Efforts to reduce rabbit populations have only increased the economic cost of the rabbit invasion, as Australians have tried to use po ison, traps, dynamite, and expensive biological control agents in the form of diseases such as myxomatosis and the calicivirus (Diamond, 392).Managing an invasion is very difficult once the invasive species has become naturalised. As noted by Oregon State University life scientist John Chapman, Unlike other contaminants in the world, introduced species dont have a half-life, they can spread from a single point source, and they have a potentially infinite life span (qtd. in Reiber). An introduced species becomes established when conditions in the new environment are favorable, and it has little to no competition, and natural predators are lacking.Too often, strategies devised to control populations of invasive species backfire the myxomatosis disease used to exterminate rabbits in Australia did succeed in bringing down the rabbit population by 90%, but the survivors then developed a resistance to the disease (Diamond, 392). Biological or chemical control agents used to eradicate in vasive species often are detrimental to native species as well. In most cases, the safest way to remove invasive species from the environment is manually, which can be highly labor intensive and needs to be organized at the local or community level.Increased sound levels in our surroundings can constitute a form of noise pollution. While some people would classify certain genres or styles of music as noise, the most common form of noise pollution comes from transportation and industrial activity. Extreme levels of noise pollution can lead to a deterioration and eventual impairment of the auditory function in humans and other organisms. reverberate pollution also affects individuals in other ways that may be less easy to measure or quantify increase levels of stress and annoyance, for example, or disruption of normal sleeping routines. States such as Maryland have implemented some form noise control in Maryland, the Noise Control Program was passed into legislation in 1970, to provid e technical assistance and enforcement regarding noise related issues across the state. It has been de-funded since July 2005, as the obligation of regulating noise-related issues has been passed down to local government.There are many other forms of pollution that do not fit neatly into this broad classification, and to in full understand the effect of every pollutant would often require time-consuming research into various case studies. The interaction between different types of pollution often contributes to a complex effect acting on a larger scale, such as global warming, which is a phenomenon created by the interaction between the increased levels of various gases (known collectively as greenhouse gases). Pollution affects us on a global scale, but it can be reduced or remediated by efforts at the local and personal level.The easiest way to work contributing to the effort to reduce pollution is to minimize ones own pollution of the environment. It is this diffuse type of po llution which is much more difficult to catch and trace. Individual citizens not disposing of their wastes properly, or households with misconnected drains, all have a small effect on pollution levels, and collectively this adds up to a large increase in pollution if unchecked or unreported. This is the pollution whose source is often unnoticed, and it is up to each individual to extirpate himself or herself as a source of this anonymous, unaccountable pollution.Many not-for-profit organizations and agencies concerned with the welfare of our environment are engaged in activities to counter pollution and its effects. Participating in local community clean-up events can help to not only reduce the level of pollution in a community, but also heightens the awareness of people regarding pollution issues, especially if the organizers have invited an environmental expert to deliver a talk about problems relevant to the community. Recycling gadgets instead of throwing them away is a soluti on that helps both the consumers and the manufacturing industries.Sony Electronics, Inc. has a recycling program that accepts old or non-working Sony branded products free of charge, and even products of other companies for a small fee (On a higher level, government environmental agencies monitor the major point sources of pollution such as wastes disposed by large factories and industrial companies. With pollutions far-reaching consequences, nations must help each other to remediate the worst polluted areas. An estimated 1 billion people are affected by pollution issues, and a majority of those people are in the developing world, where a popular lack of awareness and local regulation of pollution has reduced the overall life expectancy and quality of life (Hanrahan et al., 2).With minimal financial investment, a number of remediation measures can be carried out in some of the worst polluted areas in the developing world. These measures will help keep on lives, particularly of chi ldren, at an estimated cost of only one to fifty US dollars per person each year. However, implementing such measures often takes a back topographic point to the basic needs of education and primary health services that local governments often must prioritize (Hanrahan et al., 2-4). This is why it is important to have international intervention and cooperation, not apathy and the selfish attitude summed up by its someone elses problem, let them take care of it.In dealing with pollution it is important to keep in mind that many of the sources contributing to pollution are industries upon which modern society is dependent. exploit and agriculture are two examples of ancient activities that have helped men to develop their civilizations. Mining enabled us to build better shelters and construct the tools and implements that we use in nonchalant tasks.Agriculture and the potential to store surplus food has taken us from the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers and brought humans together in the first settlements, which eventually grew into cities and states. Pollution is a byproduct of these activities, and the effort to reduce or prevent pollution is not trying to destroy major industries or cease the output signal and development of new technology. It is an effort to make the producers and consumers responsible for the regulation of wastes created by these activities, and their proper management and disposal.We live in an age of awareness, and thanks to our modify and gradual realization of how we affect the world around us, todays environmental crisis has increasingly become a fact of life in the modern world. Modern governments should no longer be intent on debating the validity of environmental concerns, but focused on finding and implementing solutions. The root of these problems human degradation of the environment and exploitation of its resources has been at work ever since the dawn of the civilized age.The environmental crisis of the present, on both the global and local levels, is not a burden that we have borne for only a a couple of(prenominal) generations it is a result of centuries, even millennia, of human exploitation of available resources without the advocate of modern environmental science, accelerated by the industrialization brought about by developing technology, and abetted by attitudes and sensibilities that have developed in ignorance of how we impact our surroundings.The inaction of these outdated attitudes and accelerating industrial processes is huge and cannot be so easily stop it may take decades to realize the full extent of the damage we have done to the environment in every aspect, and perhaps longer to invert the trend. But for many of us, the fundamental error in thinking has, at least, been corrected. Environmental problems elsewhere in the world are no longer just someone elses concern. With modern globalization, what we do in our part of the world affects everyone else, and if we continue to act and think with that in mind, the environmental problems liner all of society will be managed by society as a whole.Works CitedA slow-moving oil spill. Ed. John Dodge. 01 declination 2007. The Olympian. 04 December 2007 Akbar, S. et al. World Health Organization. Air Quality Guidelines Global update 2005. Germany Druckpartner Moser, 2005.Boudouresque CF, Verlaque M. Biological pollution in the Mediterranean Sea invasive versus introduced macrophytes. leatherneck Pollution Bulletin, 2002 January 44(1)32-8.Buell, Frederick. From Apocalypse to Way of Life Four Decades of Environmental Crisis in the U.S. New York Routledge, 2003.Diamond, Jared. Collapse. New York Penguin Books, 2005.Environment Agency, 2003. The Water Framework Directive not only a question of quality. 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