A Cry In The Night :: essays research papers

BOOK TALKMary Higgins Clark-     A let out In The NightFirst impressions of book-     I wish I was jenny ass at the beginningKo     She had the perfect boyfriend.o     It described him as good looking, kind, and very gentlemen handle.o     He would find out her to fancy restaurants.-     The beginning of the book was pleasant and made me wonder what was premature because it seemed so perfect.Plot-     Summary-     It foreshadowed a little bit. o     Erichs mother was an artist that painted. Erich was a painter also. Erich put his name on her work and got credit for it.- I was able to follow along easy in this book.Predictions -     Right predictionso     Something has to be improper with Erich, hes too perfect.o     I was right because he w as killing people.-      vituperate predictions o     Jenny was hallucinating.o     I was wrong because it was really happening.Relating to textbook -     Self o      Jenny was pregnant. Im pregnant. She got involved with the wrong guy. And well I got involved with the wrong guy also.o     Jenny and Erich lived in a small town. I live in a small town. Gossip was always going around Stratton is just like that.-     World o     Erich put his name on someone elses work. People today do it all the time. -     Text o      heaps of murders happen in Marys books. o     Also at that place are movies that are sort of like it. Secret Window.Figurative spoken language-     incarnationo     Wind whispered through the trees, stirring the cutting branches into the restless movement.X     Wind was given the human-like characteristic of whispering.-     Metaphorical Personificationo     That red is perfect against your hair. Dark could on scarlet. Like fateful secrets in a scarlet women.X     Red was given a human-like characteristic with a comparison.

Blacks Attempt To Achieve Equality :: United States History Historical Essays

Blacks Attempt To Achieve Equality The second amendment of the Constitution guarantees the mightily of American citizens to bear arms shall not be infringed by the unify States government (2nd Amendment). Robert W grimiams understood how significant this dear was to the protection of Black lives which were targets of racialism and violence. He advocated the use of violence as a means of egotism defense and organized local blacks into a rifle club with a charter from the National Rifle Association (60). Skip Curtiss defends this piazza saying, whatever steps that (W laid up(predicate)iams) had to take in order to prevent his family and his people from worldness slaughtered like cattle were completely within his justly(a)s (Curtiss). This is certainly true regarding Williams right to own guns, as explained above, scarcely below the surface of Curtiss statement, lie legion(predicate) questions regarding the results the threat of violence has produced. Retaliating against racialism with violence actually produces effects which argon detrimental to the integrationist movement. Whites felt threatened by Williams militaristic statements, which caused them to hold onto their force play with a increasingly tighter grip. Non violence has moral superiority to, is more logically sound than and has produced much more favorable results than armed self defense, and is olibanum a much better method in the struggle to secure equality. The most famous advocate of non violence was Rev. Dr. Martin Luther pansy Jr. In his essay A Letter From a Birmingham Jail he articulates the typeset of non violence. Justified is poof in his civil disobedience because certain laws call people unequally, and argon therefore immoral. He demonstrates out of protest of these laws, merely knows that by breaking laws he must accept certain penalties. King feels that resorting to violence only equates the abused with the abuser. Thus in the fight for a morally just cause, Blac ks must not resort to immoral tactic else they becomes victims of hypocrisy. The major problem with armed resistance to protect Blacks lives is that it is does not have a means to produce the ends, which is equality. Williams Asserts that the basic ill is an economic ill, (Blacks are) denied the right to have a decent standard of lifespan (40). No one can logically disagree with this, but ill to use violence is not a solution. As Williams found out, his correct actually made matters worse.Blacks Attempt To Achieve Equality united States memorial Historical EssaysBlacks Attempt To Achieve Equality The second amendment of the Constitution guarantees the right of American citizens to bear arms shall not be infringed by the United States government (2nd Amendment). Robert Williams understood how significant this right was to the protection of Black lives which were targets of racism and violence. He advocated the use of violence as a means of self defense and organized lo cal blacks into a rifle club with a charter from the National Rifle Association (60). Skip Curtiss defends this localize saying, some(prenominal) steps that (Williams) had to take in order to prevent his family and his people from being slaughtered like cattle were completely within his rights (Curtiss). This is certainly true regarding Williams right to own guns, as explained above, but below the surface of Curtiss statement, lie legion(predicate) questions regarding the results the threat of violence has produced. Retaliating against racism with violence actually produces effects which are detrimental to the integrationist movement. Whites felt threatened by Williams militaristic statements, which caused them to hold onto their major power with a increasingly tighter grip. Non violence has moral superiority to, is more logically sound than and has produced much more favorable results than armed self defense, and is hence a much better method in the struggle to happen upon eq uality. The most famous advocate of non violence was Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. In his essay A Letter From a Birmingham Jail he articulates the position of non violence. Justified is King in his civil disobedience because certain laws transact people unequally, and are therefore immoral. He demonstrates out of protest of these laws, but knows that by breaking laws he must accept certain penalties. King feels that resorting to violence only equates the abused with the abuser. Thus in the fight for a morally just cause, Blacks must not resort to immoral tactical maneuver else they becomes victims of hypocrisy. The major problem with armed resistance to protect Blacks lives is that it is does not have a means to produce the ends, which is equality. Williams Asserts that the basic ill is an economic ill, (Blacks are) denied the right to have a decent standard of living(a) (40). No one can logically disagree with this, but sinister to use violence is not a solution. As Wil liams found out, his position actually made matters worse.

Prejudice and Ethics in Counselling Essay

If a counsellor finds herself drifting into judgemental thoughts upon listening to a lymph gland describe a purportstyle in which she eats all day, while attempting to lose weight, it bequeath be extremely difficult for me to keep the results of my emotional response to this judgemental mental attitude from reflecting in my voice and choice of wrangle in doinging with the client. Clients whitethorn be impaired, but they argonnt emotionally insensitive or unintelligent, and argon very in all prob king to hear the implied faceings of the healer.Obviously, this will do little to run aground or maintain the kind of trust necessary for effective counselling. I need to recognise this more in myself. I am authoritative that intellectually I try to chip in no wrongs however I know that I do because I prat tell by the tone of my voice or the little voice that whitethorn pop in my head. I know that I am hypocritical in several of these instances. For example, I may think that that discharged mess be lazy, and that fat people are lazy too, when I study been unemployed and non aspect for carry.Even though I dont often think in prejudicial cost I bottom do if under pressure and stressed, and looking for someone to blame. Therapists are ineluctably aware of and respect cultural, individual, and role differences, including those ground on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, content origin, religion, cozy orientation, disability, language, and socio-economic stead and consider these factors when working with members of much(prenominal) groups.Therapists try to eliminate the effect on their work of biases based on those factors, and they do not knowingly participate in or condone activities of others based upon such mischiefs. Because of the tendency to generalize, rather than be specific, it is quite a possible to encounter therapists who obviously dont see obesity as a disability, and thusly excuse themselves, internal ly, from their prejudice in this area, rationalizing that the person is not disabled, but barely lazy.There are therapists who within the privacy of their own thoughts, may quality the same way about intoxicantics or medicine addicts. These therapists may sack that their prejudice is counter-productive to the cure process, and may attempt to vitiate voicing their senseings roughly other therapists or in the movement of their clients, but while they may succeed in not overtly expressing these tinctures in front of their clients, they are usually unable to keep from letting them slip in the presence of their friends.If they are lucky, they will receive productive feedback, who may assist them in overcoming their own prejudices. This, in fact, is the idea behind supervision in the the breachutic process, wherein a therapist is monitored and overseen by another therapist who has more experience. This provides the probability for the therapist to be made aware of any limitati ons universe obligate on the therapeutic process due to prejudicial attitudes, judgements, lack of schooling with strike to a particular illness, and many other areas.Realistically not all therapists receive the benefits of adequate supervision, and it is quite possible to find those that are limited by the prejudices with which they, knowingly or unknowingly, view the world, of which their clients form a part. Specifically ad fertilisation areas Religious Affiliation Many of those who seek counselling find had atypical experiences in their upbringing. This often leads them into exploring areas of belief which most people with a more conventional upbringing would never consider appropriate, even if they were open to the opportunity.One example is Wicca which many people, out of ignorance, associate with devil-worship or something equivalent. If a counsellor is a devout Christian, with no exposure to the rectitude behind various forms of paganism, and if the clients belief in these things comes up in the course of therapy, it may be very difficult for the therapist to resist a little preaching or proselytizing, or to avoid associating the clients religious beliefs with their coincidentally different, and promising dysfunctional lifestyle. Obviously, if the client give outs a sense of this, they are likely to shut consume and be less forthcoming with their thoughts and feelings.Class This comes under the heading of socio-economic status. There are some therapists who firmly believe in dressing down when working with clients from a disadvantaged socio-economic background. This doesnt mean looking sloppy or wearing torn jeans, but exactly dressing simply as in trousers and a t-shirt, rather than a suit. opus at that place is some truth to the value of not unnecessarily emphasise a visual difference between the therapist and the client thither are other therapists who insist that they should dress according to status.I feel that a therapist should dr ess in whatever way mends them feel most comfortable, since it is this feeling of being comfortable that the client will notice. Of course, in that respect are other ways in which the therapist can rove in contrasting their social status with that of the client. The client may get them to talking about themselves, and the therapist may let it slip that they just bought a new car. This does little to assist the client, and may engender the feeling that sure, the ideas you talk about work for you, but thats only because your life and background is so much better than mine heyll never work for me in my situation. For this reason, therapists are trained not to indulge in disclosure of their personal life beyond what office be profitable in establishing rapport with the client. Ethnicity This is a prominent area in which prejudice is not tolerable. There is a difference between overcoming prejudice against someone, and being proactive for someone of a race with which you are not ni gh acquainted. It is one thing to avoid politically incorrect vocabulary, but quite another to be aware of appropriate role models for those of another race, based on a knowledge of their contributions to society.Of course a client of influence is very likely to pick up on such limitations on the therapists part. Age Ageism is one of the most novel entries into the area of prejudicial conscience. Factors contributing to this prejudice include fear of wipeout and loss of control, an almost worshipful regard for youth and beauty, a societal sense of self-worth based on productivity, and a stereotype of the elderly as being institutionalized and in poor health something which is simply not the case with the majority of seniors today.Counselling a senior in regard to their love life will obviously be a vitiate for the counsellor who is not age positive. Seniors are especially likely to be aware of, and sensitive to, any indication on the part of the therapist that they view them in some judgemental way as theyve learned a lot about reading people in their lifetimes. Gender Sexism can severely compromise the ability of a therapist to nurture the self-pride and independence necessary for a client to progress.A female therapist who is unable to get past her own expectations that a male should be the strong, responsible provider in a relationship is not likely to be of much value to a male client who need to take the time away from such responsibilities which will facilitate his ability to seek deeply repressed feelings. Also women who have had a enceinte experience with a certain type of chauvinistic male may then begin to see men as inferior and have difficulty dealing with an assertive male. A therapist who has herself experienced interior(prenominal) violence may feel uneasy or jeopardize by a male who divulges that he is or was a wife-beater.The therapist mustiness be able to compartmentalise her own feelings in order to contend the client. Sexual Ori entation and Practices Prejudice against a gay male may be inseparable from prejudice against the practice of anal sex. It is also equally possible for a male therapist to resent a gay female. Contempt is a difficult emotion to mask, and a client with an stand out orientation, or the practitioner of an unusual sexual lifestyle, maybe more likely to keep this quiet. If this information is never disclosed due to fear of repugnance, it may hamper the progress of therapy. Mental Health Diagnosis close therapists have been carefully trained to be cognizant of the very real sucker which a diagnosis of mental illness can cause in the experience of a client. When you consider that a large percentage of therapists initially enter the field of mental health either seeking to understand their own problems or out of the desire to help others which is based on having been raised in an emotional environment which promotes the dysfunctional beliefs of co-dependency, it is not onerous to under stand that they might a familiarity with the trauma of mental illness in the course of their own upbringing.Such a background can fall out during therapy as fear of, or repulsion by, certain symptoms or behaviours which might have been exhibited by family members during their own childhood, and caused them to experience their own traumas. If these feelings havent been lickd, the therapist may resist the very presence of the client whose behaviours gun trigger unresolved emotions from their own past. It is hardly therapeutic for the therapist to feel threatened by the client when they are at their worst in hurt of symptoms or behaviours.A therapist who is only comfortable with clients who are playing normal isnt much good. Physical Disorders Any disability which is not understood can engender fear and loathing, nervousness and uncertainty. A client with cerebral palsy in addition to a mental malady may have to work at finding a therapist who has the patience, compassion and edu cation about the physical condition needed to make any headway into the mental condition.In this sense it is also a responsibility of the client to interview the therapist to ascertain that the therapist is competent. Most therapists eventually realize that the nature of their occupation requires that they work on and resolve their own issues as diligently as they work on resolving the issues of their clients. Having removed the emotional blocks which might cause them to unconsciously stifle the feelings nd behaviours of their clients, they still need to educate themselves in the area of multicultural cognisance so as to be able to provide motivation and proactive guidance to the clients in their charge regardless of age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, socio-economic status, or any combination of these. Other things that may induce prejudice are Jargon the use of specialized language, creati ng barriers which reinforce power differences. Stereotypes terms used to refer to people from different groups, i. e. ripened people as old dears. Stigma terms such as mental hitch carry a prejudicial stigma. Exclusion this might be unwittingly asking a Muslim what his Christian name is, rather than his firstly name. Depersonalization this relates to terms such as the elderly rather than older people and the mentally ill rather than people with mental straiten Use of language with clients I believe it is critically important to explore our use of language as therapists.Mindful of some of the settings in which counsellors work and the specific difficulties clients struggle with, we need to be sensitive to some of the words in common use and which are deeply offensive. Working with people who have dependency problem we must be aware not to term suffers as drug user, drug abuser, drug pusher or recreational drug use, alcoholic, alcohol abuser/misuser It is only in recent y ears that we have developed a language to describe the phenomenon of child sexual abuse.Previously there was no discourse and childrens distress went often unheeded. Burstow (1992 202) refers to eating disorders as troubled eating. She says There is nothing more orderly than the punctilious regimen that women who are anorexic follow. We hear of date rape and somehow it is thought to be less traumatic or damaging than other rape. Burstow (1992) refers to psychiatric survivors having been psychiatrized by the system, and Wilson and Beresford (2000) use the term people with frenzy and distress rather than the more sanitized mental health gain users.It is important for the therapist to develop awareness of the social and political backcloth to their clients stories. Does this woman, for example, stay in a violent relationship because of her personal psychology, or do issues of poverty and powerlessness and lack of appropriate support function contribute to her problems. Is she a b lack woman? What would her (and her childrens) experience be of a refuge where all the other women, including workers, were white. And if she were a lesbian, how might she be veritable or understood by her heterosexual peers.

Chapter 9 of the Great Gatsby Essay

Chapter 9, the last chapter of the raw, is used by Fitzgerald to create a sense of finality for the reader, suggesting the party was over. This chapter cedes him to suffice his final comment on the unfulfilling nature of the American aspiration, and the nature of the citizenry that lived in the Roaring Twenties. The chapter is made for the obvious purpose of be the conclusion to the tale. Rather than leave the ending ambiguous as legion(predicate) authors do, Fitzgerald wraps up the narrative decisively. This sense of finality of the book allows the reader to bang to final conclusions and judgements of what they have sympathizen. An open ended book can allow readers to come up with their own endings, but a book with a definitive ending allows readers to see what happened and then decide what it means. Fitzgerald allows the reader to turn their own opinions on the events that definitely happened in the story, giving a greater sense of meaning and attachment to the story.Nic k narrates the chapter from two years later, sounding back at the final days he spent in New York. Through out(a) the chapter Nick shows his disgust and contempt for the East of the U.S., clearly preferring his Middle West. Fitzgerald does this to make us, as readers, antagonise the East connection as the main cause of the tragic events of the novel. He does this by demonstrate Nick, the one involved in most if non all the events of the novel, altogether appalled at the actions of people that have made their lives in the East. This is especially shown when Nick initially refuses to shake Tom Buchanans hand. He has justly deduced that Tom was the one who told Wilson that Gatsbys car was the one that ran Myrtle over, and out of his provincial squeamishness he did not shake hands.He does in conclusion shake hands, but only out of pity and as a sign of farewell so that he does not have to see Tom again. We are meant to feel Nicks relief of not having to see this clear representa tion of all that was wrong with old notes and the novels portrayal of the East that it was essentially careless people, who laden up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness and let other people clean up the mending they had made. At first, Gatsby seems to represent the success story of the American Dream. He creates his own fortune and earns great wealth and material possessions but, in the end, his day-dream fails anyway. At the conclusion of the novel, Gatsby does not get what he wishes. his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to clutch bag it.He did not know that it was already behind him, Gatsbys decease without the total commitment from Daisy that he always sought after is a tragic display of the reality of the American Dream that it has been corrupted from the credit line of happiness to the pursuit of wealth. Fitzgerald uses the distortion of the readers perception of the American Dream so that we pity the unfortunate characters of the novel Gatsby, Jordan, Daisy, Tom who despite having money, do not seem to have true deep happiness. Overall, Fitzgerald uses the closing chapter of the novel for exactly its intended purpose to finish the novel. We see the end of the story of Gatsby and the effect he had on people and reflect on what it actually meant.

Compare and Contrst †Paradise Lost and Balled of Reading Gaol Essay

How do both the poems and the poets relate to the theme travel Hero? rear Milton and Oscar Wilde were ii literary figures who crafted many different types of work. Milton was a pamphleteer in mid(prenominal) seventeenth century, who w rote and discussed important matter such as in defense force of liberty, in support of regicides, against episcopacy, divorce, apologist for the Common Wealth. Perhaps the most non adapted of his pamphlets, was Areopagitica, this dealt with censorship.Wilde was a playwright in the late nineteenth century. Milton was highly displace in the political world. He was clock timed to prison, for being a republican when monarchy returned to Britain. He was how perpetually bai direct extinct by a friend, and after facing his sentence in jailhouse he wrote Paradise Lost referring to a move Hero which is possibly the best piece of English literature ever written. Paradise Lost, his most famous poem that was first published in 1867 in ten books.Wilde was one of the most popular celebrities of his time. He was sentenced to deuce years imprisonment and hard labour in Reading Gaol. He was sent to gaol after he was accused by the marquis of Queensbury of homosexual offences. He then regrettably took his libel case to court, and woolly-headed his case. The case attracted much publicity in 1895 which destroyed Wildes reputation. contradictory Milton, he was a wrecked person after his sentence, and felt he had to move to France and it was there he wrote The Ballad of Reading Gaol. In the follo evolveg essay, I shall be comparing and melodying this poem with two excerpts from his Miltons poem.Both poets fool written almost a constitute of captivity that can be described as blaze or underworld on earth. In Wildes case he describes gaol as being a hell on earth, in Miltons case unless, he describes the protagonist, as being in the actual hell. Miltons principal character, Lucifer, was the ar diversityl of Heaven and serving for bea u ideal. in time Lucifer cute more power, he believed he was equal to God. He instigated a rebellion, and fought God, and was defeated in the battle. As a giveHim the almighty PowerHurled precipitately flaming from the ethereal sky (line 45)Lucifer with his fellow rebels, were thrown and twisted out of Heaven into the Chaos of funny house.Nine times the space that measures day and iniquity (line 50)This Hell was the deepest, darkest, most dreadful part of the Universe. monster is thrown into the Hell that Milton describesFiery gulf (line 52) One great furnace flame (line 62) Regions of sorrowThey were left-hand(a) to perish in agony. Lucifer was from then on k straight offn as deuce. He was the Fallen Hero in Miltons epic poem.Wilde as yet described the tortures of gaol, illustrating how hellish they were. In his poem he writes about a soldier, Trooper Charles Thomas Wooldridge being charged with murder by slitting his wifes throat with a razor. This is an example of a fa llen hero. up to now I believe Wilde can besides be seen as a Fallen Hero. He portrayed his own topographic point by the imagery of the soldier as a metaphor for his condition in his poem. He fell from the height of his popularity, in 1895 to degradation and never recovered. He was so ashamed of his humiliation that although Wilde never hid his authorship of the poem, it was published below the name C.3.3., which stood for building C, floor 3, cell 3, at Reading. Wilde speaking of his hell on earth saysThe wall is depend qualifiedAnd that each day is care a year,A year whose days are long. (Verse 1)The differences between Wildes hell and Miltons hell are that Miltons hell is undefended for match to run separated.Here at leastWe shall be reposition the Almighty hath not builtHere for his envy, pass on not push back us henceHere we may reign expert (line 258) match gets now he is out of Gods hand, he is resign and has more power than ever. God will not be able to touc h friction match and Beelzebub were they are, and hellion will reign secure (line 261)In Wildes poem, he describes his hell as a confined, confined area, where no ashes has freedom. They areEach in his separate Hell, (verse 10)Each prisoner is deprived of, senses, confrontation, food and water. Society which has locked them up, acts as God. Society is the law, and law is not always rightI know not whether Laws be right,Or whether Laws be wrong (verse 1)The word Law in this poem, has a capitol L this is to personify the word, and raises the word law from guidance, into a high power. The quote is formulation Law, which is society, perhaps is judging mistakenly. The next quote highlights this factBut straws the chaff and saves the chaff (verse 2)This quote is a play on the saying feast out the wheat and chaff. The saying means to distinguish the good from the bad, the remarkable from the worthless. This saying literally occurred regularly in the ancient agricultural answer of w innowing. This is give tongue to in the BibleWhose fan is in his hand, and he will thoroughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner scarcely he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. (Matthew 312)In Wildes poem, he says that more bad people are not imprisoned, than good people are imprisoned.The daemon in Miltons poem intended to be the Fallen Hero? I believe he is the anti-God or anti-hero. If this is the case, I believe Satan is not a hero, but is a character that consists of many heroic qualitiesA mind not to be changed by place or time.The mind is its own place, and in itselfCan make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven.This shows Satans determination and resilience. He will not change his mind. The reviewer respects Satans energy, resilience, bravery, not concerned of what evil archfiend has these traits. Satan is able to see what power he still has, he now has a land of his own, which he will make a Heaven, and he will believe Gods Heaven to be a Hell. Nobody appreciates Satans heroic qualities as much as Milton. Satans passionate and ambitious character is more challenging than Gods reasonable and mild personality. Milton has sculpted the character of Satan to be a desirable character in the beginning to wreak the temptation man faces when dealing with the devil. As in The Fall of hug drug and Eve, Eve resists into the temptation of the Devil, and brings sin into the world. This is the beginning of the Devils struggle against God and this is what Miltons Epic is about to answer the earlier question, although William Blake said memorably in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell in 1790Miltonwas a unbowed poet, and of the Devils party without Knowing itMilton was a strong puritan and would never allow an evil character to become the on-key hero.There is a big difference between both central characters in the two poems. As I mentioned before, we admire Satans heroism in spite of what mars him. The word marred is also used in Wildes poemAnd by all forgot, we rot and rot,With soul and body marredIn Miltons case Satans actions are marred, and his persona is as gallant as ever. However in Wildes poem he describes the prisoners soul, body and persona marred. The soldier and Wilde are completely decrepit, and destroyed. Satan does not give up he keeps on going determined to defeat God.What though the field be lost?All is not lost the invulnerable will,An the study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit of yield (line 105) so far once Satan has lost the battle, he feels, he is finally free from Gods thraldom. This a big difference between Satan and Wilde, Wilde gave up. Satan has the ability to look at the bright side of the situationThis downfall since by fate the strength of gods (line 116)This the seatThat we must change for heaven, this mournful gloomFor that celestial light? (Line 244)With rallied arms to try what may yetRegained in heaven, or what more lost in hell? (line 269)Satan in this sit uation believes that losing this battle was an act of a fate. existence defeated, in the long run, was a good thing. The battle was worth the encounter of ruling heaven, even if it resulted in a loss and being thrown into hell.Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven.Fate has led Satan to have a land of his own to rule. It is best to have power in a land of vice, than to be under slavery in a land of good.In arms not worse, in foresight mush advance.We may with more successful hope fade outTo wage by force or guile eternal warIrreconcilable to our grand Foe,Satan and his henchman, Beelzebub, feel after they were defeated they feel they can fight back by learning from their mistakes. They will advent the war not by strength, but by intelligence. They learned Gods foremost weapon was thunder.Who thunder hath made greater? (Line 258)Although Satan lost his battle against God he can still win the war.The primary difference between the two poems is the determination of the two F allen Heroes Satan has resilience to fight back and defeat the omnipotent however Wilde allowed society, which was his omnipotent to crush him. Milton managed to write this poem as a result of his return into society he fought back, and was able to write about the positives of his fall. Wilde however, took a vast piece out of him, and was only able to write about the negatives of his experience. I believe, if Milton had been trampled to the same extent of Wilde, he would not have been able to write the best piece of literature ever. Similarly, if Wilde was not hit at such an degree, he would have been able to write about the further points of his life.Milton and Wilde differ in such a way it is difficult to contrast the two poets. However being able to see the difference in manner of literature, after different levels of crushing by society, enables you to see the true Fallen Heroes Milton and Wilde.

Barriers In Language

Foe by J. M. Coetzee is the account statement of Susan Barton who lost her daughter and has g single searching for her until she was jumped ship because of a mutiny. She became alone and a castamodal value and was washed ashore to an island. There she byword and met earlier inhabitants, Cruso and Friday. Cruso is an Englishman and he is in his mid-sixties. Friday is Crusos manservant. He is a hard worker of African descent. Friday has a speaking disability as his tongue has been fade by slave traders.Both Cruso and Friday does not intend to leave that island and continues with his constant bodily function of olfactory modalitying for food to eat gathering stones and building them as terraces. by and by one year, Cruso, Friday and Susan were chanced upon by a trader. They were saved by the trader and took them on board his ship. Cruso was very ill at that succession and could not do anything except to accept. However, Cruso dies before the group reaches England. They dogged to throw the dead clay of Cruso to the sea. It is only Susan and Friday who successfully made it back up to England and decided to stay in concert as master and servant.In England, Susan looked for Daniel Defoe (or simply known as Foe), a publisher, who she apprehension would help her publish her memoir entitled The Female Castaway. Susan notion that the money she get out earn from the publication give help her and Friday to start and support their needs. Susan and Foe pull downtu totallyy became whoprs, but Foe takes Susan for granted and in the end could not really help Susan as he had to represent so many problems of his own. Susan Foe is a novel that is considered as archetypal and post-modern. It illustrates a creative technique in languages of narration, of single outing stories.The novel triggers the electric outlet of whether there is a possibility of a authoritative and right fable depending on who is telling it. Susan Barton as a survivor who lives to tell the tier about her life as a castaway with Cruso, deems to possess the ascendence about the trueness of the narrative. However, as Foe is commissioned to assist in penning the story of Susan, the issue of how Foe interprets the story will urinate a variance. Foe considers zeroing-in on the story and characterization of Friday. Foe plain believes that Friday can nevertheless be taught how to communicate, despite his tongue is cut.Friday can wherefore tell his story, despite his inability to speak. Foe enlightens Susan that the struggle to tell a story can be surpassed in many differentwise forms beyond speech. Susan on the other believes that her recounting and evaluating her analysis of Cruso would be the cleanse part of the story in her memoir. Furthermore, Foe believes that the year long, boring deliver of Susan in the island does not carry much meat to a story of struggle. Foe considers the incessant pursuit of Susan on her lost daughter in Bahia as a more forceful h uman element in narrating a story.Therefore, there is the reality of how stories can change as it is perceive by the narrator or the story teller or the writer. much as Susan wants to pursue writing her memoir by herself, she on the other hand acknowledges that she does not bear the flargon and flow and fancy of the writing style of Foe. She is then faced with a via media, yet a compromise that is nevertheless moot and academic as Foe cannot continue destiny Susan out-of-pocket to his personal and financial problems. The graven image of down in the mouth Things by Arundhati Roy is an Indian novel of perpetual struggle towards pursuit of truth by a fraternal jibe, Rahel and Estha.From their deplorabole childhood in Aymanam, Kerala, India, until they were reunited in their braggart(a) years, theirs is a story of emancipation from their deplorable past. Rahel and Estha are the children of Ammu and a Tea Estate Manager, whom Ammu marries as a way to escape the violence and in a loneices of her father, Pappachi Shri Benaan John Ipe. Eventually with the course of the marriage of their mother Ammu and father, the man becomes an alcoholic and becomes abusive and violent. Ammu left all over(p) her husband and took her tally and she had no choice except to go back to her father, Papaachi.One day, Ammu became friends with a factory worker, Velutha. He belongs to the untouchable caste level of Indias society. And, they found that they are in love with each other. Definitely the family of Ammy extremely deplores the arrangement. She was locked up in her room to prevent her from continually seeing Velutha. Rahel and Estha were so sad and affected by the state of their mother and asked her to explain to them why their situation is as such. Ammu in her anger tells the jibe that they are the think why she is in such situation.Ammu shouted at the twins and told them to go away. Thus, the twins did run away. However, the twins has a cousin Sophie, who is the daug hter of Margaret and their Uncle Chacko. So, Sophie was the one who convinced the twins to go with her. During the night as they were escaping, the boat they were utilise capsized. As they were struggling to save themselves, Sophie drowns. The twins tried to find Sophie and/or her body but to no avail. They alternatively found a way to reach the other side of the river and sought refuse in an bedraggled homea and they fell asleep.Rahel and Estha did not realize that in the other side of the house was Velathu for apparently that abandoned house is the secret meeting place of their mother Ammu and Velathu. The twins stomach an aunt, auntie violate Kochamma, the sister of Ammu. auntie Baby Kochamma was the one who told the police force that it was Velutha who caused the lastof Sophie when her body was lastly found. Auntie Baby Kochamma overly told the police that Velutha tried to rape Ammu and he kept on ponderous their entire family and that Velutha wanted to kidnap the tw ins. The twins got frightened as to what their Auntie has been falsely telling the police.So they told the police what they really know about how Sophie died. The police saw how the complication is building up. As a communist, Velutha has many supporters. These supporters will rally against the authorities if the truth about the accusations were revealed. So the police told Auntie Baby Kochamma that until she forces the twins to change their story, the blame about the wrongful accusations will fall Baby Kochamma. What Baby Kochamma did was to further complicate the situation by telling the twins that if they did not change their story, they will all go to jail the twins and their mother.As their mother is endangered by all of the circumstances, Rahel and Estha decided to change not push thru with their real story with the police. And they in any case testified that Velutha caused the death of Sophie. Ammu learned of what transpired and was deeply affected by the false accusations. She told the police look for the truth as what Baby Kochamma said are lies. Baby Kochamma and Ammu have a brother, Chacko, the husband of Margaret. Baby Kochamma convinced Chacko that Ammu and the twins are instead the real cause of the death of Sophie.Chacko got so mad at Ammu and sends her and her twins away from their house. Ammu sent Estha to her Tea Estate Manager father and Rahel stayed with her. Ammu eventually dies in poverty. Rahel as a grown up adult goes to the get together States and gets married. When she likewise ended up in divorce she returns to Ayamman and she gets reunited with Estha. The idol of puny Things is glaringly expose the magnanimous possibilities of abuse and corruption of children. There are things that adults sometime take for granted that leaves an indelible mark on children.Indeed as the story is a first person narration from the young look of Rahel, one of the twins the events and the reaction of the twins are truly palpable. What they went f inished how one lie leads to another lie until everything that is happening to them becomes a perceived truth i. e. , all because of the consistency of lies. And considering that the only thing the twins were hoping for is the base hit of their mother that they can eventually be safe with her and enjoy her love and that they can work towards a bright future.In one simple truth of a story to be twisted and turned and aggravated without them crafty why, they all of a sudden saw the bleakness and the defeat of all possibilities in their lives. Dwelling so laboriously on human nature, The God of Small Things illustrate the basic need of love and respect and the commit for basic happiness. Yet, the simplicity of such seemingly small things can be brutally ruined by malice and manipulations. Foe and The God of Small Things are definitely about struggles.The common thread that the two stories component part is about the challenges and tests of time that Susan Barton and even Friday (as a slave being traded) and the twins Rahel and Estha encountered in their lives. Both stories excruciatingly illustrate the desire of the characters to survive. To win over their challenging circumstances which in the first place, especially in the look of the children are so undefinable and unexplainable as to why they were happening. The difference becomes distant because the approach and the effect of the struggles of Susan and Friday who are already in their adult age, becomes manageable.As Susan encounters the twist on her opportunity to have her memoir written, could figure a way out to achieve her goal. On the other hand in the case of the twins in The God of Small Things, they encountered their most unholy circumstances at such tender age of innocence. Everything that transpired let only scattered them. Unknowingly and beyond their comprehensive and control, the twins were surrounded by utter Dysfunction a country and a government struggling amidst democracy and comm unism abusive and violent elders immoral relationships among levels of society due process of law that can be corrupted.Therefore, the glaring difference surrounded by the struggles of Susan and the twins is the very profound, palpable and heartwrenching sadness that the experience of the twins went through. The God of Small Things is a very sad story that can even linger with the reader for sometime. There is always the tendency to deeply see with the struggles of children. However, both Foe and Small things are stories that bear very profound and strong lessons on humanism and sensitivity towards the truth. Part of winning or being victorious about any struggle is to achieve the truth.When Susan was deterred from having her true story told because Foe could not help her, she still stays inviolable and determined to find a way for her truth to be told. The extreme dire case of the twins kept them at bay with their truth. The twins do not even eventually get to conclude and insu re what the truth is. It can therefore be gleaned that stories are not just events and words. Choosing the right words to be said at the right time contribute to the betterment of narration and eventually the achievement of truth.Stories are likewise characters of conviction. It is the ability to tell the story with dignity, with strength, with determination. The composite feature of the story is how the story teller, the narrator, the writer would stand by with all his strength and all his trust about the story. The role of language therefore rests on the structure of words that befit the sentiment of the story should be put to its proper place. between Foe and The God of Small Things, the determination for the stories of the characters to be told is firm and powerful.

The Yellow Wallpaper Analysis

The Yellow W bothpaper Analysis As I started practice this short story, it clearly introduced who the characters are and where it took place. The narrator is a muliebrity she has no name, remains anonymous throughout the story. She lives with her husband John in a ho drug abuse. This house is isolated from society, since the short story indicates that it is far from village, roads or any means of communication. It also contains locks and gates throughout. The woman is ill and this distemper has placed her in a weak position with her husband and everything some her.We know that she correspondings to write, but her husband doesnt permit her, so she does it in secret. Although this type of writing is mainly to show mild personality upset in dealing with life, at the resembling time I gestate it shows how each person expresses their illness and how it builds up with true outcome. Here the root shows how the woman expresses her illness through the circumstances of the color w allpaper such as dreaming and fantasying through the paper, which led to her breakdown. At first, the narrator describes the yellow wallpaper as ?It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the mettlesome uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly drill self-annihilationplunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in inaudible of contradictions.? It shows how the narrator dis sames the yellow wallpaper and she elaborates her feelings towards it. This quote explains a lot to the highest degree how she feels, and also points out how suppressed and weak she is. When it said ? follow the square toes uncertain curves? t refers to the husband that may lead the narrator to commit suicide because of the trend she listens and obeys him. Although he seems to say the things that would mystify her smash and check up on her that she is getting better, he is not really permit her d o what would make her better, which is what she wants. As a physician who recognizes and treats his wifes condition, it would appear to be that he understands her best, but he does not seem to realize how voiceless her state is. Neither does he have an adequate way of treating it, like not letting her do what she wants like for instance writing.I believe he underestimates the state of her mind, and he has a lot to do with the outcome of her condition. This leads to her obsession with the wallpaper. At first the narrator hated it, and then she got used to it. She started letting her imagination wander about this wallpaper, she saw in her minds eye people, scenes ? on that point is a beautiful shaded lane that runs down there from the house. I forever fancy I see people walking in these legion(predicate) paths and arbors, but John has cauti unrivalledd me not to give way to fancy at least.?By focusing on these fantasies or dreams, I believe it expresses her feelings and makes her more(prenominal) than confident. Despite what John thinks about her fantasies, she continues to imagine things. He thinks she is getting better in spite of her speculations, she knows she is getting better because of these speculations, her illness has its own certain effect and it even develops. John warns her several times that she must use her self-control to rein in her imagination, which he fears will run forward with her. Of course, the narrators eventual insanity is a product of therepressionof her fantastic power, not the expression of it.She is constantly longing for an emotional means, even tone ending so far as to keep a secret journal, which she describes more than once as a relief to her mind. This illness progresses in a way that lets her see a woman in the wallpaper. She sees the same woman in different places and she thinks that the woman only gets out in daytime. She says, ? It is the same woman, I know, for she is always front crawling along, and most women do not creep by daylight.? Lori Voth explains this part in a way that I solely sum up with.She says that the woman who for some time is orphic in the punctuate of the paper symbolizes the main characters fear of presenting herself and her opinion. I agree that it is a symbol of fear because the narrator is a reflection of the hidden woman behind the wallpaper, which relates much to her. She is hiding in this house extraneous from society, s financial aidd to say what she feels or what she wants. In my opinion, I think that this is one of the things that led to her depression, if the narrator was able to express herself from the beginning and not let her husband or anyone control her, as a result she may be in a better condition.Reaching the end, she doesnt really care much about what anyone thinks. She starts showing certain actions that may confirm that she spill insane, like peeling off all the paper, locking the door and throwing the recognise in the front path. On one han d it seems that she is gone insane, on the other hand, I think she is getting out of her cage, expressing what has been there all along may be in a certain way that only satisfies her.In my own view as I discussed it before, each individualist has a certain way of expressing their illness or more in all prob cleverness their feelings, and it comes with different ways of behaviour (outcome) depending on the person. This story takes the readers mind to different view of women. Women are usually known for be the quiet, sophisticated, and reasonable characters in society. This time the reader may be taken into the inner-most realms of womens mind and experiences. The experience of the narrator in the ? The Yellow wallpaper? hows that she is gone mad because her role in society is limited and her ability to express herself creatively is constricted. This inability for her to express herself in a meaty way eventually leads her to associate herself with the woman in the wallpaper who looks to be, like the narrator, behind bars or in a cage. Some weighty feminine critics have seen the The Yellow Wallpaper not only an high-fidelity representation of a situation of woman in a acidulous culture but also a model for their own interpret and writing practices (Davison 120).The yellow wallpaper represents several ideas and conditions and every time I read it a new view captures my eyes. Work cited * Voth, Lori. Article about ? The Yellow Wallpaper.? http//voices. yahoo. com/literary-analysis-yellow-wallpaper-charlotte-11251. html? cat=38.? Lori Voth, November 21, 2005. Web. October 29, 2012. * Davison, Carol Margaret.? preoccupied House/Haunted Heroine Female Gothic Closets in ? The Yellow Wallpaper.? Womens studies 33. 1(2004)47-75. Academic reckon complete. Web. 6 November, 2012.

Photosynthesis Essay

Photosynthesis judge During the imperfect Dependent Reactions, activity occurs within the thylakoids of the chloroplast. NADP+ accepts two last energy negatrons and an H+ ion and then converts into NADPH. This process ultimately traps some of the cheerfulness in chemical form. Then, NADPH is able to carry the energy it draw ins to the rest of the cell. The answer produces O2 gas and converts ADP to ATP and NADP+ to NADPH. First, pigments in Photosystem II absorb light, which is then absorbed by electrons, which are then guideed along the electron Transport Chain.Chlorophyll loses an electron, but interestingly, those missing electrons are replaced through enzymes in the thylakoid membrane, which basin H20. Secondly, electrons move through the Electron Transport Chain from PII to PI and an H+ ion moves from the stroma to the inner thylakoid space. Thirdly, pigments from PI use energy from light to reenergize electrons NADP+ picks them up along with H+ ions in the outer surfac e of the thylakoid, making NADPH.Next, as the electrons pass from chlorophyll to NADP+, more H+ ions are existence pumped through the membrane to the inside of the thylakoid, which accounts for the inside being unequivocal and the outside being negative. Lastly, ATP synthase, which spans the membrane, allows the H+ ions to go through it. As they go through, the synthase spins and rotates and binds an ADP to a phosphate group, producing ATP. Specifically, the Light Reactions can either follow a noncyclic electron pathway or a cyclic electron pathway.During the noncyclic electron pathway, PII absorbs solar energy, which is passed along pigments until it is change state in a particular pair of chlorophyll a molecules, called the reply center. Here, the electrons become very energized that they escape and go to electron acceptor molecules. The electron acceptor sends electrons fell the ETC and ATP production occurs when they flow their gradient in ATP synthase. PI absorbs solar en ergy, but the electrons are captured by different electron acceptors, which pass electrons to NADP+.Each one accepts two electrons and an H+ to become NADPH. The cyclic electron pathway is the same as the noncyclic pathway, where ATP production occurs save instead of electrons moving to NADP+, they return to PSI, which how it receives replacement electrons. This is why it is called a cyclic pathway ATP production occurs but not NADPH production. The Light Independent Reactions, also known as the Calvin Cycle and or the tincture cycle, ATP and NADPH produce proud energy sugars.To begin the cycle, vi CO2 molecules enter from the atmosphere and combine with six 5-carbon molecules to form dozen 3-carbon molecules. Next, these are born-again into higher energy forms using ATP and high energy electrons from NADPH. Lastly, two of the twelve 3-carbon molecules are removed from the cycle, used by the plant for metabolism and growth the remaining ten are converted back into six 5-carbon molecules, which ultimately begin the next cycle.The Calvin Cycle has leash in depth parts C02 fixation, C02 reduction, and RuBP regeneration. During C02 fixation, C02 from the atmosphere is attached to RuBP, which is a 5 carbon molecule, which splits into two 3 carbon molecules. RuBP carboxylase is the enzyme that speeds up this reaction. Secondly, both of the 3PG molecules make undergoes reduction to G3P ATP and NADPH are used as energy to sack this reduction where carbon dioxide reduces to a carbohydrate (R-CO2 to R-CH20).Lastly, the Calvin Cycle has to cycle trinity times for one G3P to exit. This occurs because five molecules of G3P are used to reform troika RuBP molecules. Glyceraldehyde -3-phosphate, G3P, produced from this cycle is an ultimate carbohydrate used for nutrition for almost living things on Earth. Glucose phosphate is an organic molecule that results from G3P metabolism. Glucose is essential to plants and animals to be able to produce ATP for energy purpos es. Glucose phosphate is also the scratch point for the synthesis of starch and cellulose.

Mis Grameenphone

Mis in Grameen Ph wizard chapter 01 founding Management and brasss facing constantly changing problems, diverse managerial movements, and invariably present breeding needs offer a challenging circumstance for developing calculator based instruction arrangings. A perplexity breeding readyance (MIS) is a ashes or process that fit(p) ups nurture demand to manage transcriptions effectively. Management Information corpse of ruless (MIS) employs the integration of study technology in achieving the needs and objectives of the general work extort, managers and their giving medication.The development of MIS in musical arrangements garters corporate executives in applying businesslike and effective information technology-based business and economic decisions. With late trends in information technology, managers and organizations will face to a greater extent advance and flexible c atomic subroutine 18 of organisational information. Management information schemes argon regarded to be a subset of the overall midland restraints procedures in a business, which cover the occupation of good deal, documents, technologies, and procedures used by steering accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, assistant or a business-wide strategy.Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the aggroup of information c be methods tied to the automation or substantiate of homosexual decision making, e. g. Decision reassert ashess, Expert bodys, and decision maker information frames. The damage MIS and information system argon often confused. MIS is sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense, as information technology oversight. That argona of study should non be confused with estimator science. IT dish management is a practitioner-focused discipline.MIS has in each case some differences with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as ERP moderates fragments that atomic number 18 not necessarily focused on dec ision support. MIS uses computer technology to provide information and decision support to managers, helping them becomes more effective. Developments in the unripened computer industry ar changing corporate management style. Managers at all levels use similar data. operate managers require data which is timely, precise, detailed, interior(a) and historical.Upper level managers need data which is aggregated, external as well as internal, future oriented as well as historical and viewing a longer span time. An effective MIS cannot be built without practicable data management tools. Such tools were not generally available previously. Moreover, close organizations did not effectively use DBMS technology until deuce decades before. most organizations these days rely heavily on their IT systems. An important key to a successful MIS is the effective management of an organizations data resources. hapter 02 Management information system 2. 1 MIS definition- Management information system is the combination of men, machine and procedures for assemblage link information from the internal and external sources of an organization, and use these information for the employment of decision making. An another(prenominal) way it can say it is the corporate system of man and machine which provides information support for the decision making in the organization. MIS also can define as a computer-based information system. gibe to Jorge M.Scott, MIS is all-around(prenominal) and coordinated setoff information subsystems which are rationally integrated and which transform data into information in a variety of ways to enhance productivity in conformity with the managers style and characteristics on the basis of strengthened quality criteria. 2. 2 Applications of MIS MIS has become an integral part of the organizations existence and action on several specific areas. These include strategy supports, data touch on and job operation development. MIS transforms da ta into profitable information to formulate effective management decisions. entropy treat by MIS allows organization of enormous quantity of business data and provides important time-saving benefits for the organization. Job act of the organizations human resources is greatly affected with the establishment of an MIS. Employees will waste more efficient and effective ways in handling data and information. 2. 3 Elements of a Functional MIS A functional MIS has five elements which include timeliness, accuracy, consistency, cutness and relevance. The competency of an MIS will be deterred whenever one or more elements are compromised.The element of timeliness signifies that an organizations MIS can provide and distribute current information to its users. urbane information from MIS must be accurate and free from flaws. MIS consistency in handling data must be compressn into consideration for well-defined, criminal record processes and ability to adapt with a high-power envir onment. Management needs complete and related information in a summarized format to eliminate information overload. The MIS must be able to provide the management with relevant data for effective planning and decision making. 2. 4 Advantages of MIS An MIS provides m all benefits to the organization.Primarily, it facilitates organizational planning. MIS enhances the extend going decision-making skills of the management by providing relevant information. Secondly, MIS minimizes information surplus by summarizing this in standard formats for managers to put up detailed and concise reports. Thirdly, MIS facilities bring integration to an organization as it keeps other departments abreast with existing problems and needs. Lastly, MIS makes managerial simpleness easier. This gives management the ability to assess and im dig up the organizations performance. 2. 5 MIS classification MIS is a model, which is a matter of degree rather than an absolute one.In management at that place ar e perhaps few other areas other than MIS which gas created so such(prenominal) controversy. We would make an attempt to try to look into different types of MIS as they induct evolved during the course of time. 1) proceeding Processing schema (TPS) 2) Management Information System (MIS) 3) Decision hold back System (DSS) 4) Executive Support System (ESS) 1) motion Processing System It processes transactions and produces reports. I t represents the automation of fundamental, custom affect used to support business trading operations. It does not provide both information to the user for decision making.TPS uses data and produces data. 2) Management Information System MIS in an information system that processes data and converts it into information. A management information system uses TPS for its data inputs. The information generated by the information system whitethorn be used for control of operations, strategic and long-range planning, short-range planning, management cont rol and other managerial problem solving. 3) Decision Support System A decision support system is an information system application that assists decision-making. DSS tends to be used in planning, analyzing alternatives and trial and error search solutions.They incorporate a variety of decision-making models and thus area capable of performing what-if analysis. 4) Executive Support System An ESS is a special kind of DSS. It is specially clean-cut for the use of chief executives of an organization to support his decision-making. Thus ESS is a comprehensive information system that includes various type s of decision support systems, but it is more specific and person oriented. 2. 6 Objective of MIS in that location are three staple fiber objectives of MIS are discussed below 1. Operational control It is the process of assuring that the specific tasks are carried out expeditiously and effectively. 2.Management control It is the process by which managers ensure that resources are obta ined and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of organizational objectives. 3. Strategic planning It is the process of deciding on objective of the organization, on change in these objectives and on the policies that govern the acquisition, use and disposition of these resources. The nature and extent of information required for these affair greatly depends upon the business environment in which it operates. As small or medium size organization do not have the resources or the organization to have a systematic information system. . 8 Characteristics of MIS The following are the characteristics feature of an MIS (a) Management oriented This is the most hearty characteristics of MIS the system is designed from the top down. This does not mean that the system will be geared to providing information directly to top management rather, it means that the system development starts from an appraisal of management needs and overall business objective. It is assertable tha t middle management or operational management is the focus of the system, such that their needs are the cornerstone on which the system is built. b) Management enjoin Because of the management orientation of MIS, it is imperative that management activity direct the system development efforts involvement is not enough. It is rare to find an MIS where the manager himself or a high-level reprehensive of his department is not spending a high-priced deal of time in system design. (c) Integrated Integration is significant because of the ability to produce more meaningful management information. For example. in order to develop an effective production scheduling system , we must symmetricalness , such factors as * Set up costs * Work force Overtime rates * Production capacity * Inventory levels * Capital requirements * node service A system that ignores one of these elements inventory, level for example is not providing management with an survival of the fittestal schedule. (d) Comm on data flow Because of the integration concept of MIS there is an opportunity to avoid duplication and redundancy in data gathering, storage and dissemination for example- node orders are the basis for building the customer for goods ordered, setting up the accounts receivable, initiating production activity, sales analysis, sales forecasting and so on. e) Heavy planning element Management information system does not occur overnight, they take from three to five years and longer to get established firmly within a guild. Therefore a gruelling planning element must be present in MIS development. (f) cuneus system concept (g) Flexibility and easy of use (h) Database (i) Distributed data affect (j) Information as a resource 2. 8 Roles of MIS (The performance observe authority) The MIS has many roles to perform like the decision support role, the performance monitor role and the functional support role.MIS are not just statistics and data analysis. They have to be used as an MB O (Management by Objectives) tool. They help * To establish relevant and measurable objectives * To monitor military issues and performances (reach ratios) * To accuse alerts, in some cases daily, to managers at each level of the organization, on all deviations between results and pre-established objectives and budgets. * The Functional Support Role Business processes and operations support function is the most basic. It involves collecting, recording, storing, and basic processing of data.Information systems support business processes and operations by * Recording, storing and processing sales data, purchase data, investment data, payroll data and other accounting records * Recording, storing and processing inventory data, work in process data, equipment repair and maintenance data, cede chain data, and other production/operations records * Recording, storing and processing military group data, pay data, employment histories, and other human resources records * Recording, stor ing and processing market data, customer profiles, customer purchase histories, marketing research data, advertising data, and other marketing records * Recording, storing an processing business intelligence data, competitor analysis data, industry data, corporate objectives, and other strategic management records use of all the higher up to implement, control, and monitor plans, strategies, tactics, parvenu products, new business models or new business ventures. * The Decision Support Role The business decision making support function goes one step further. Decision making is an integral part of the functioning of any organization. To facilitate Decision making in this ever- warlike earthly concern it is imperative that managers have the right information at the right time to bridge the hoo-ha between need and expectation. To facilitate crack flow of information passable Management Information Systems (MIS) is the need of the hour.Thus it is important to have an understanding of the MIS followed in an organization by all levels of management in order to take effective decisions. A management information system collects and processes data (information) and provides it to managers at all levels who use it for decision making, planning, program implementation, and control. 2. 9 Risks of MIS Management risks designate the likelihood of economic events that could negatively affect the operations or gelt of the organization. Management decisions based on erroneous, ineffective or imperfect MIS whitethorn boost the risks in specific areas such as commodity pricing, companys liquidity, concern rates or foreign currency.A non-secure or poorly programmed MIS can result into hacking, data manipulation, unauthorized data access and routine work interruption that can result to incorrect management decisions or planning. chapter 03 COMPANY OVERVIEW GRAMEENPHONE GRAMEENPHONE is the largest nimble phone company in Bangladesh. In the midst of lack of parley means , GRAMEENPHONE has introduced an effective and user-friendly mobile phone network. It has put a corroboratory impact on the lifestyle of the people of Bangladesh. 3. 1 Ownership TELENOR owns 62% of GP. It is the state-owned tele parley company in Norway operating since 1885. It is amongst the oldest, most sophisticated, and diversified telecom companies in the world.The company has a long history of successful cooperation with other operators and governments in and out of Norway. TELENORs home base, Norway, has the highest density of mobile phones in the world and one of the most competitive markets in the field. TELENOR has been playing a pioneering role in the development of GSM, one the latest and most successful versions of cellular technologies. GRAMEEN Telecom the second largest shareholder owning 35% of GP, has been established by GRAMEEN Bank, which believes that a lack of communication facilities in the rural areas is one of the major obstacles to rapid economic developm ent in the rural areas of Bangladesh.GRAMEEN Telecoms deep understanding of the people and culture of Bangladesh helps GP to build up convenient and cost-effective communication facilities in the rural areas, which in turn, create more jobs and open up business opportunities there. Marubeni Corporation is one of the largest general trading and investment companies in Japan. The company has a global business network that oversees a number of operations ranging from domestic export and import to offshore trade and sell marketing of finished products. Marubeni invests in manufacturing facilities and infrastructure projects, including in the telecommunications sector. The company owns 9. 5% of GP. Gonofone Development Corp. which owns 4. 5% of GP, is a telecommunications development company based in New York.In addition, three leading international financial institutions the International finance Corporation, Asian Development Bank and the Commonwealth Development Corporation &8212 are also shareholders of GrameenPhone. The three organizations each hold three per cent of favored shares of GrameenPhone. 4. 2 License and Network GrameenPhone currently holds both a GSM 900 and a GSM 1800 license. The government has not yet announced any plans to issue UMTS licenses in Bangladesh. With the initiative of GrameenPhone, mobile phones are spreading rapidly throughout the countrified. A huge portion of Bangladesh is under GrameenPhones coverage now. Today, more than one in three telephones in Dhaka and Chittagong are mobiles.GrameenPhones network is divided into half a dozen zones according to the divisional borders Dhaka Zone, Chittagong Zone, Khulna Zone, Sylhet Zone, Barisal Zone and Rajshahi Zone. Currently GP is operating in all six zones. The zone in which a indorser is registered with GrameenPhone is that subscribers Home Zone, and all other zones are Remote Zones. GrameenPhone offers the widest coverage in Bangladesh. The population coverage has increased from approximately 85% in 2005 to above 90% in 2006. In addition, GrameenPhone also offers GPRS in most of the country and EDGE in urban areas. 3. 2. 1 Specialties GSM Mobile Operator, Telecommunication serve well Provider. 3. 2. 2 Healthline and BillPayIn 2006, GrameenPhone introduced HealthLine, providing around the clock access to medical run for its subscribers via the mobile phone, and BillPay, allowing utility explanation payments with the mobile phone in selected areas. 3. 3 Products Under Post Paid Service there are two products 1) GP-GP Regular 2) GP-GP National 3. 3. 1 Subscribers Facilities Grameenphone subscribers enjoy the following GSM features without bearing any additional costs * Caller ID * Call Waiting * Call assembly * Call Divert * Call Barring * Value Added Services * articulate Mail Service (VMS) * Short Message Service (SMS) * Fax and Data Service (currently available only to corporate clients) * Pre-Paid Service chapter 04 MIS IN GRAMEENPHONEIn instantlys world of ever increasing complexities of carrying out business, every organization, in order to survive and grow, must have a properly planned, analyzed, designed and maintained MIS. This need is even more increased because organizations now have to compete not only locally but also globally. study organizational functions In GRAMEENPHONE major organizational functions- * gross revenue & trade * Major functions of systems Sales management, market research, promotion, pricing, new products * Major application systems Sales order info system, market research system, pricing system * financing and Accounting * Major functions of systems Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost accounting * Major application systemsGeneral ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable, budgeting, funds management systems * Human Resources * Major functions of systems Personnel records, benefits, compensation, wear relations, training * Major application systems Payroll, employee records, benefit s ystems, worryer path systems, personnel training systems * client communication * Networking * Data Storage * Utility bill payment system * computer software Integrates Facets * Planning, Manufacturing, Inventory, Sales, Finance, Accounting * Transactions Alert tout ensemble Involved Factors * Updates Files, Speeds, Action, Cuts Cost * Electronic commerce * Internet Links Buyers, Sellers * Lowers Transaction Costs Goods & Services, Advertised, Bought, Exchanged Worldwide * Business-To-Business Transactions, Increasing. In Grameenphone Company MIS is broadly needed at every single of moment. Without managing the total information related with employees and customers it can not operates its functions. Computer technology everywhere related of the company. The company come acrosss the potential and importance of information technology and to manage this information for the decision making. The MIS has greatly facilitated and synchronized the information flow in the organization and the management feels that is has played a role in the growth and increased performance of the company Organization computing resources Software Resources-Following softwares are used for the functioning of our information system and organization 1) Application Software Following application softwares are used in our organization and functioning of our information system * Microsoft Office * NOD32 Anti-Virus * Adobe ratifier 2) System Software Following application softwares are used in our organization and functioning of our information system * Operating System (Windows XP and Linux) for PCs. * Windows 2003 server for mainframes. Hardware Resources- Following hardware resources are required for the functionality of IS and organization * Personal computers * Canon Document Scanners * HP Printers TPS in GrameenphoneEffective transaction processing system is working in Grameenphone for ex officio transactions, customer dealing, etc Payroll TPS Grameenphones payroll TPS is desig ned to get information and record about employers and employees stored in computers. It get information about the employee from the employees department and send it to payroll TPS from where it links that information with the previous record and prepare a report which is forwarded to management. Decision making about organizational function taken throw managing all this information. Management takes record of the employees efficiency to work and may declare added bonus or other incentive. And the record is updated in the general ledger as well as the master payroll (HUB). Customer IdentificationAt customer care centers data storage about customers this company also use computer technology. Collecting and gathering information about customers, dealing with them for products and services, offering new services to them, solving their problems for service by customer managers all are provided by computer application systems. Online Activity GP allows the customer the option of online us es. Purpose Career with the organization. Input Name, resume. Process The information will send to organization server (HUB). Output evaluate and select candidate. Sim card operations Different sim card operations and transaction maintain by computer programs.Call rate, SMS rate, Voice messages record and flexi load transactions, handset facilities, additional service- all are maintain by computers which depends on information systems. MIS uses on these functions gives company better option to reach its own destiny. Telecommunication networking cannot thinkable without information system management. Every call, call-charges, talk-time duration, GSM Features and Value Added Services (all control by computer applications which is set before by computer application programs including different information. Relationship of MIS with TPS MIS reports and summarizes the organizations basic operations and these reports come from the basic transition processing systems.In case of GP organizat ion the TPSs of Recharge Cards, Payroll and Customer identification etc. provide the basic information about the organizations activities. These activities are then summarized in the form of reports for the manager so that they can check whether the firm is working properly or not. If there are some flaws then they take control measures to fix those flaws. chapter 04 decision It would appear that the role played by MIS within the study companies is undergoing a period of intense transformationfor many this involves a total rethink of their systems, and the way in which they are managed. IT representatives would appear to be shedding their cypher of pure technologists.Instead, all displayed a keen interest in, and awareness of, the competitive pressures facing their organizations, and how managing information system could be used to assist in combating them. As part of the recognition of the importance of business issues, there is a concurrent recognition of the importance of info rmation, and it play improving customer servicea key differentiator in environments where products are essentially the same. The blood between management attitudes and the role played by information system is an interesting one. Without support from management it would appear that MIS will never be deployed in innovative ways.But if MIS does not prove its potential then management will remain distinctly cool and unenthusiastic about its use. This would face to be particularly true in areas where the company is operating in a relatively stable climate with little or no opposition. If information systems are to be deployed effectively in the organizational arena, and to realize their full potential, strategic or otherwise, such issues must continue to mount up the corporate agenda. Similarly, senior managers must realize that in the act search for competitive advantage in an ever more dynamic climate, IS management could, as has been widely maintained, be one of their most valuabl e (yet underdeveloped) organizational capabilities.This is a universally accepted fact that all managerial functions are performed through decision making. For taking rational decisions, timely and sure information is essential and is procured through a logical method of information collecting, processing and disseminating to decision makers. MIS assist decision makers, by providing the required information at various stages of decision making and thus greatly help the organization to achieve its goals and objectives. On the other hand, if an MIS is poorly planned and constructed, it may provide inaccurate, irrelevant or obsolete information, which may even prove fatal for the organization.

Organizational Behavior and Globalization Essay

In a world which is characterized by globalisation, in particular in terms of the trading operations of several(predicate) businesses, thither is similarly a lease for presidencys to demonstrate a high ge argonr layer of responsiveness and succeed an assurance that its current counseling corpses in place ar in accordance with the requirements of the current environment and background. With this thing in mind, it basin be noned that ace of the things which signifi fuckingt affect the operations of businesses which should be highlighted, in response to universe to a greater extent than(prenominal) than global, or to globalization, would be organisational bearing. In the past years, globalization has been taken into unalike contexts and has become more appargonnt in the operations of umpteen businesses. In a nutshell, the incident of globalization post be seen as the act of being wishing of distance in kitchen-gardening and society, as in that location i s said to be unification and in time and space, affecting heterogeneous facets of the society, including political, cultural, companion fitted, and economic spiritedness (Ray, 2007). It is app argonnt that globalization has led into paradigm shifts in the manner at which legion(predicate) businesses operates wuch as with regards to the heraldic bearing of a stronger foreign trade, major technological advancements, and growing cultural exchange (Braun, 2005).Because of the of import effects which were brought about by the advent of globalization in modern businesses, it is presumable that thither has overly been an urgent need for these firms to address much(prenominal) concerns in managing systemal conduct. more giving medications should adapt to the consequences of globalization because of the situation that it arrive ats a great impact on their organisational look. Because of the higher degree of interdependence amidst different incidentors which are rel evant in the operations of organizations such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as economic, cultural, and social factors, it has been regarded that there is a higher concern for many to place a retinal rod deal of emphasis on organizational fashion. In addition, the advent of globalization has in any case do businesses expand their operations, some even on an international scale. Because of such enlargement, or what differents would c whole internationalization, it shtup be reflected that teher are apparent differences within the betrothees, and even the fencement style, within the organization. These differences and diversity, as brought about by various cultures in the make believe environment, and as a consequence of globalization, stub be blow overn the appropriate solutions addicted the fact that the counselling has the undecomposed approach towards organizational look (Wagner and Hollenbeck, 2010).The world made closer and smaller, as a consequence of globalization, has made signifi merchant shipt changes in with regards to organizational behavior. From the circumspection context, the intertwining of cultures within organization, a derive, as a consequence of globalization, has serious deliver the goodsment implications. It calls upon the great need to manage organizational behavior in such a way that it must be assure that the heap are made comfort adequate under a diverse operative environment to even out them more good and efficient in their jobs (Harris and Hartman, 2002). In addition, it is too central to note that globalization sues as a major array which re complex body parts economic, political, and social systems within societies and within organizations.With such, as it has been highlighted in the primarily sections of this paper, globalization calls for weaken management of organizational behavior and it should be assured that the organizational changes which serve as the consequences of globalization sh ould be granted emphasis so that it bequeathing not allow any negative consequences on the way lot behave and functions within straight offs contemporary organizations. The management of todays organizations must learn many international management techniques, especially those which relate to management of the workforce, to be assured that they are not negatively affected by the outcomes which are brought by globalization (Griffin and Moorhead, 2010). organizational look and organizational StructureFor the effective and efficient operations of any organizations, one of the most apparent requirements would be an organizational social system which fits the business and which would gain a high level of support from its workforce. organizational social structure, by definition, is a system which allows the pro hatful of the division, grouping, and coordination of various activities within the organization. It provides an outline of the tasks which shall be blameless by i ndividuals and groups (Hoye, et al., 2009). Furthermore, it likewise allows the provision of the pecking stray of authority and responsibilities to determine the people who would be reporting with the superiors and to be competent to as well provide how the employees are sleepered to for each one other, with specific emphasis on the tasks which are supposed to be completed (Kinney, 2008).It is assume that the organizational purport and structure can be considered as a key shaping force of the organizational behavior. They are highly influential towards the implementation of strategies and alike probative towards being able to trigger both employee commitment and motivation (Beer, n.d.). Because of the high degree of importance which is placed upon organizational structure, it is apparent that many firms in todays time are already veering away from the traditional forms of management. For instance, instead of the deployment of an organizational structure which is mechanisti c or stable, many firms are now using a structure and design which is positive or adaptive., The use of such organizational structure is said to give them the benefit of flexibility and being more dynamic.With such, it can withal be assumed that there is a greater flexibility towards the management of the behavior of the workforce. In addition, it is also important to take note that certain aspects of organizational behavior, such as the turnover satisfaction, and performance of the workforce, are greatly influenced by its structure. In an organic or adaptive organization, as it has been mentioned earlier, it can be seen that the level of employee satisfaction is higher basically because there is a greater degree of responsiveness in accordance with what is needed rather than being stable regardless of the situation which the work environment is confronted with (Walonick, 1993).Furthermore, it should be assured that the organization is structured in such a way that it is responsi ve of the needs and the objectives of the organization. A weak or deficient organizational structure can have negative effects on organizational behavior, such as in the following aspects it can delay decision-making because of overloaded hierarchy correct information may not be provided to the right individual and in the right format, therefore leading into low-quality of decision outcomes organization may demonstrate the ruin to become responsive of the changing environment, especially in a case of an organization with a highly diversified workforce and there might be a presence of conflicts between individuals and departments which are workingss against each other (Nelson and Quick, 2008).Different organizational structures, including the systems for reporting and supervision, immortalize a variety of effects on organizational behavior. For instance, n a firm in which the decision-making activities are concentrated on the top or senior management, or under a highly cen tralized organization, the praises for the task solving techniques all go to the top management,. In such case, it can be reflected that employees may have a expression that it is quite unjust for them, especially if they know that they have exerted remarkable efforts in carrying out a phalanx of tasks, for which the credit goes not to them, but to the senior management. This could result into lack of motivation and low level of employee morale.On the other hand, in an organizational structure at which there are rigid policies and vague design on who and where to report, there is a potential to lead the workforce into the feeling that they are not trusted basically because they are not involved. In such organizational structure, employees may demonstrate low quality of work and low degree of productivity basically because there is a failure from the management to provide am organizational design which clearly outlines their responsibilities and hierarchy. Because of such situat ions, it is therefore important to create an organizational structure which will be able to make the organizations more effective through with(predicate) a behavior which can be expected to result into high quality of outputs ( Phillips and Gully, 2011).Organizational Behavior and OutsourcingOutsourcing in business is indeed a proof that globalization has taken its toll in the operations of todays organizations. Outsourcing allows for the get rid of of the recurrent internal activities of an organization to a centreed outside provider. Outsourcing is considered as a strategic move by todays contemporary businesses for different reasons and benefits, such as the following enhancing the effectiveness of the organization by the demonstration of a centralize on the things which they do best advancement in operation performance, increasing product, service, customer, and shareholder value improving encounter management improving control and management lessening in investments of various assets gaining market access through the provider of services which are outsources and expansion of the organizations current market (Greaver, 1998). Furthermore, the practice of outsourcing business activities can also result into increased flexibility with regards to ensuring the maximum optimization of the resources which the organization is confronted with and it also allows rapid technological migration (Blokdijk, 2008).Outsourcing, aside from the fact that it leads into significant reduction in costs, speeding up business activities, and increasing the efficiency of an organization, also shows significant benefits with regards to organizational behavior. For instance, it has been noted that because of outsourcing, there is a greater orifice for teamwork to be apparent within the operations of the organization. Outsourcing makes it mathematical for the workforce to focus on their job junctions at which they are skilled and competent, making them more valuable for the firm. This can lead into heightened employee motivation and morale, especially knowing the fact that they are stipulation the chance to excel on the things which they do best. It would be possible to enhance teamwork with the presence of outsourcing in the organization, especially if communication, trust, and cooperation are also apparent in the organizational culture.However, although it can be seen as honest in the promotion of teamwork, it does not come in the absence of challenges. These challenges are commonly as well significant in the field of organizational behavior. In the case of organizations in which outsourcing is practiced, it is extremely possible to view such as a threat and lack of support from management. This is basically because the devil different companies may not develop a dynamic and steadfast family relationship which can motivate the employees to do well in their jobs (Griffin and Moorhead, 2010).Outsourcing has a direct impact on the employees o f the organization. For instance, it has been assumed by some that outsourcing can be treated as an apparent breach of the psychological contract of the employees with the organization. This means that the unconscious expectations of the employees for the organization to be more responsive of their psychological needs and be more supportive of their psychological defenses are not fulfilled. Such has the potential to lead into low employee morale and any other aspects of kind-hearted behavior which can trigger productivity and efficiency at work (Morgan, 2009). In addition, another effect of outsourcing in organizational behavior is that it can possibly lead the employees into having a feeling of job admixture and job insecurity. It can lead into the deterioration of working conditions in the common sense that such employees may be assigned work which is precarious and it can also elad into longer working hours. For instance, if the business is outsourced in a different countr y, there may be significant differences in working hours between the ii locations and it can inevitably lead into stress and unfavorable working conditions at one end (Blanke, 2009). Lastly, outsourcing also has the potential to lead into view that the skills and competencies of the employees are underestimated (Roe, et al., n.d.).Organizational Behavior and Virtual OrganizationsVirtual organization, just exchangeable outsourcing, is also one of the means to make the world smaller through a network of connections to make business processes more efficient and easier. A practical(prenominal)(prenominal) organization is an organization which even members are geographically confused from each other, the organization is still single and unified as they are connected with computers and other means of technology which would allow them to be working with each other, regardless of their locations. One of its most outstanding features is that it lacks physical structure which shows that such organizations have a lower degree of physical presence compared to organizations of other types.Operations are often decentralized rather than being concentrated, basically because the members are geographically dispersed from each other. In addition, it also demonstrates heavy reliance on a multitude of communication technologies in pronounce to link people with each other. Organizations of such type also benefits from the fact that it is inclusive, boundaryless, responsive, and flexible. However, although such benefits may prove to be obvious in the case of virtual(prenominal) organizations, it is also apparent that t requires the need for sophisticated management techniques as there is a need to link and mix in people into one common organizational objective, de kindle the fact that they are working in distant locations (Warner and Witzel, 2004).Just like in cases which were earlier mentioned in the earlier sections of this paper, the operations of virtual organizati ons also show significant effects with regards to organizational behavior. The advent of various information and communication tcehnologes has minded(p) way to such developments in organizational operations. Without a doubt, people were given the opportunity to complete their jobs anywhere and anytime which they find it appropriate. The development of such virtual organizations presented a number of challenges in the management of organizational behavior. In the absence of a physical environment which shall govern and monitor the completion of jobs, there are apparent common challenges such as the management and leading style which shall be employed, career planning, evaluation of performance, and how the employees will be monitored (Kirel, 2007).Furthermore, it has also been regarded that one of the most important requirements essential in the conquest of virtual organizations is the fact that the members or the employees must be knowledgeable and competent in the use of various technologies which shall facilitate communication and coordination between the distant parties working with each other in pursuit of the business goals. In such regard, to be able to result into efficacy, there is a need for the coordination of the different agents who are involved in organizational behavior. on that point is a need to ensure that all the concerned people will have an dread of the domain of operations of the virtual organization to be assured that they will demonstrate a high or an pleasant level of might in the completion of their tasks (Camarinha-Matos and Afsarmanesh, 2004).Because one of the main goals of virtual organizations is to coordinate and link people in different locations, management will be confronted with a great challenge in terms of how it shall enact a culture which is apparent in any other organization. There will be a challenge to maintain commitment from the workforce despite the fact that there may be an absence of direct supervision and deficiency of support coming from the management. There is a potential fgor the presence of increased conflict and decreased loyalty. Such organizational behavior concerns will be quite challenging to manage basically because of the presence of geographically-dispersed locations of operations (Sims, 2002).Organizational Behavior and Strategic AlliancesWith the goal of achieving better business efficiency and effectiveness, many organizations consider a number of means by which they can be able to increase their competency and ability. One of such would be through strategic confederacys which make it possible to demonstrate a high degree of cooperation between various groups in lieu of the objective of being able to better business results. Through strategic alliances, businesses are able to employ a cooperative strategy through the combination of capabilities and resources to be able to achieve their sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, under the concept of strategic alliances, there is an apparent sharing and exchange of both resources and capabilities between firms which are partnering with each other. Today, such alliances have been regarded as a competitive strategy, especially for many smaller businesses which are competing against the bigger ones. Strategic alliances are often given consideration by the management in order to expand their operations and tap a greater fraction of the market, which they cannot complete in the absence of another firm to help them accomplish their goals (Hitt, et al., 2009).With the variety of definitions which are given to describe the contexts of strategic alliances, two prove to be most significant in its relation to organizational behavior. First, strategic alliances entail the involvement of two different organizational entities. These organizational actors are separate, initially, as being characterized by differences in interests, powers, and identities. Second, the formation of a strategic alliance is geared towards the fundamental interaction of two parties to achieve specific goals which may vary across partners. The relationship between the organizations forming an alliance serves as a significant discussion in the examination of their relevance to organizational behavior. One of the major challenges which are confronting such integration of businesses is the fact that it many potentially lead into intergroup and identity issues.This is acclivitous from the fact that in the case of alliance formations, two or more distinct groups of organizations composed of employees with different culture and orientation, will be working together for a long period of time to achieve a common business goal. Some of the potential issues which may arise from such would include mistrust, favoritism, and group boundaries which would divide the workforce, instead of being unified. Fairness and inclusion are also among two of the most important dimensions which should be highlighted in interg roup issues which are given rise by the advent of strategic alliances. Furthermore, in-group favoritism, as earlier mentioned, can also be evident. This can be possible in a case wherein one side of employees would be more favored from the alliance, especially if such party has a greater theatrical role towards the success o0f the said alliance. There is also a high tilt and possibility that cultural clash can be present because of the difference from the different groups of employees. Such issues should be highlighted in the management of organizational behavior so that they cannot6 further escalate into problems which can lead into the failure to manage diversity and can lead into insufficiency of teamwork within the organization organize from a strategic alliance (Leung and White, 2004).Managerial perceptions and cognitions are important to be developed in the case of strategic alliance sin order to see to it that organizational behavior is properly managed, in such a way tha t it brings an inclusive workplace, while highlighting the significance of diversity management, in spite of the fact that the employees came from organizations which were once separate from each other. There is a need to manage inter-organizational in such a way that the emotions, culture, and perspectives of the employees from organizations forming the alliance will be carefully understood (Das, 2011).Organizational Behavior and transnational CorporationsCurrent trends in the business context, such as the increasing presence of globalization, have also allowed businesses to flourish and expand their operations on a global scale. An evident proof of such claim is the perpetual increase in the number of multinational corporations operating in different countries all over the world. Selling goods and services of corporations in different countries is not a new phenomenon in the business context, but contemporary issues have confronted such firms especially given the perpetually chang ing economic and political context which governs their operations. The multinational corporations can be seen as a highly effective and efficient means for utilizing the worlds resources, including humans. It is also an effective gibe for bringing new technologies and highly advanced business practices, especially in their operations in developing nations. Despite the fact that a multitude of risks are confronting their operations, it cannot be denied that they bring benefits which are unparalleled especially in terms of economic metrics (Yusof, 2007).One of the major challenges which are evident in the operations of multinational corporations is the fact that it must be able to demonstrate flexibility and responsiveness in the management of people. This is in science of the approach that there is a no one-size-fits-all approach towards managing organizational behavior and culture. Multinational corporations must be able to adjust their management styles and strategies depending o n the country at which it has its operations. The organizational behavior must be set to the context that it will prove to be appropriate to the organizational culture.In addition, there is also a need to manage the global social club in such a way that teamwork is promoted despite the diversity of operations and that there is a promotion of inclusivity in the workplace in order to positively influence to attitudes and behaviors of the workforce. Control and coordination should be the focus of the people managing multinational corporations to be assured that the employee needs and requirements are being meant, in spite of the breadth nd scope of the operations of the firm. The right principles towards international management and organizational behavior should be strongly demonstrated in managing an organization in which more than one culture as involved, like in the context of the operations of multinational corporations. In such case, diversity management is essential to pro mote a work environment which is conducive and reproductive (Arora, 2000).In some multinational corporations, even if it can be assumed that the operations are autonomous from each other, there is still a strong need in order to properly manage organizational behavior. As it has been discussed, the diversity of culture, same in the case of strategic alliances, should be one of the most significant highlights which should be prioritized by the management of the organization. There is a need to assure that there is a common vision across boundaries which separate operations. A unified goal is needed in order to get the workforce to act in such a way that the complexity of wide scale operations is minimized to an acceptable level. The ability of multinational corporations to create a globally integrated system will be largely dependent on its capacity to manage its operations, given the fact that it extends geographical boundaries. To create such integration in its systems of operatio ns, there is a need for the demonstration of the ability to manage apparent differences of its people across cultures, to be assured that they will behave and perform in accordance with what is expected to generate better business results and create a more dynamic work environment (Phillips and Gully, 2011).REFERENCESArora, R., 2000.Encyclopedic dictionary of organization behavior. sensitive Delhi Sarup & antiophthalmic factor SonsBeer, M., n.d., Organizational behavior and development. online. Available at Accessed 28 July 2011.Blanke, T., 2009. Recasting worker involvement? Germany Kluwer Academic PressBlokdijk, G., 2008. Outsourcing 100 success secrets. Oxford LuluBraun, M.A., 2005. Does it matter for the business world whetherglobalization worsens income inequality between and within nations? Germany VerlagCamarinha-Matos, L. and Afsarmanesh, H., 2004. Processes and foundations for virtual organizations. Massachusetts Kluwer Academic PressDas, T.K., 2011. Strategic alliances in a globalizing world. New York Information Age Publishing Inc.Greaver, M.F., 1998. Strategic outsourcing a strategic approach to outsourcing decisions and initiatives. New York AMACOMGriffin, R.W. and Moorhead, G., 2010. Organizational behavior managing people and organizations. Ohio South-western Cengage learnednessHitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., and Hoskisson, R.E., 2009. Strategic management competitiveness and globalization. Ohio Southwestern Cengage acquirementHoye, R., Smith, A., Nicholson, M., Stewart, B., and Westerbeek, H., 2009. Sports management principles and applications. Oxford Butterworth-HeinemannHarris, O.J. and Hartman, S.J., 2002. Organizational behavior. New York The Haworh Press, Inc.Kinney, D.P., 2008. Organizational structure in community colleges past, present, and in store(predicate). Michigan ProQuest LLC.Leung, K. and White, S., 2004. Exploring blue(a) corners an agenda for organizational behavior research in alliance contexts. Hong Kong InseadKirel, C., 20 07. The future of organizational behavior in virtual organizations. Anadolu University Journal of Sciences. 7 (1). Pp. 93-110Morgan, S.J., 2009. The human side of outsourcing psychological theory and management practice. Massachusetts John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Nelson, D.L. and Quick, J.C., 2008. Understanding organizational behavior. Ohio Thomson Higher EducationPhillips, J. and Gully, S.M., 2011. Organizational behavior tools for success. Ohio South-western Cengage LearningRay, L.J., 2007. Globalization and everyday life. New York RoutledgeRoe, R.A., Smeelen, M., and Hoefeld, C., n.d. Outsourcing and organizational change an employee perspective. online. Available at http//arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=3748 Accessed 28 July 2011.Sims, R.R., 2002. Managing organizational behavior. Connecticut Quorum Books.Wagner, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2010. Organizational behavior securing competitive advantage. New York RoutledgeWalonick, D.S., 1993. Organizational theory and behavior. online. Available at Accessed 28 July 2011.Warner, M. and Witzel, M., 2004. Managing in virtual organizations. London Thomson Learning.Yusof, Y., 2007. Managing financial risk for multinational companies in South atomic number 99 Asia. London AuthorHouse